The Three Gorges Dam: Does it accelerate or delay the progress towards eliminating transmission of schistosomiasis in China?
The Three Gorges Dam: Does it accelerate or delay the progress towards eliminating transmission of schistosomiasis in China?
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DOI：
10.1186/s40249-016-0156-3
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发表时间：
2016-07-05
影响因子：
8.1
通讯作者：
Jiang QW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhou YB;Liang S;Chen Y;Jiang QW
三峡大坝位于中国最大的血吸虫病流行地区，是迄今为止世界上最大的水电工程之一。一些大型水电工程导致了血吸虫病的出现或复发。因此，大坝对日本血吸虫传播的潜在影响引起了全世界医学研究人员的关注。通过系统的文献综述，结合长江水位和钉螺密度数据分析，评价了三峡大坝运行10多年后对血吸虫病传播的影响。大坝使长江的水位随着季节的变化发生了显著的变化。这些变化直接影响了血吸虫蜗牛寄主的生态环境。由于大坝的修建，钉螺的密度有所下降，蜗牛的分布也发生了变化。三峡库区下游包括洞庭湖和鄱阳湖的血吸虫感染率有所下降。鄱阳湖地区人类血吸虫感染率由2002年（大坝开始运行前）的6.80%下降到2012年的0.50%，血吸虫感染人数由2002年的94 208人下降到2011年的59 200人。大坝的存在似乎并没有影响到三峡库区的蜗牛繁殖和血吸虫病的流行。总体而言，三峡大坝运行10多年来对水文变化做出了重大贡献。大坝造成的变化，加上血吸虫病的综合控制，可能会加速消除血吸虫在长江中下游传播的进程。尽管大坝在控制日本血吸虫传播方面发挥了积极作用，但需要继续监测大坝对未来生态的长期影响。本文的在线版本（doi:10.1186/s40249-016-0156-3）包含补充材料，可供授权用户使用。
The Three Gorges Dam, located in the largest endemic area of schistosomiasis in China, is one of the world’s largest hydroelectric projects to date. Some large-scale hydro projects have resulted in schistosomiasis emergence or re-emergence. Therefore, the dam’s potential impact on the transmission of Schistosoma japonicum has raised concerns from medical researchers worldwide. A systematic literature review, coupled with an analysis of data on the water level and snail density in the Yangtze River was conducted to assess the impact of the dam on schistosomiasis transmission after more than 10 years of operation. The dam has significantly altered the water levels in the Yangtze River according to different seasons. These changes directly impact the ecology of the schistosome snail host. Due to the dam, there has been a reduction in the density of Oncomelania snails and/or changes in the distribution of snails. The prevalence of infection with S. japonicum has decreased in the downstream areas of the dam, including in the Dongting and Poyang Lakes. The prevalence of infection with S. japonicum in humans has decreased from 6.80 % in 2002 (before the dam began operating) to 0.50 % in 2012, and the number of people infected with S. japonicum have decreased from 94 208 in 2002 to 59 200 in 2011 in the Poyang Lake region. The presence of the dam does not seem to affect snail breeding or the prevalence of schistosomiasis in the Three Gorges Reservoir. Overall, the Three Gorges Dam has significantly contributed to changes in hydrology after more than 10 years of the dam operating. The changes caused by the dam, together with integrated control of schistosomiasis, might be accelerating the progress towards eliminating the transmission of S. japonicum in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Despite the positive effect the dam is having in controlling S. japonicum transmission, continued surveillance is required to monitor the future ecological impacts of the dam over the long term. The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40249-016-0156-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.