Potential sensitive period effects of maltreatment on amygdala, hippocampal and cortical response to threat.
Potential sensitive period effects of maltreatment on amygdala, hippocampal and cortical response to threat.
复制标题
虐待对杏仁核、海马体和皮质对威胁反应的潜在敏感期影响。
DOI：
10.1038/s41380-023-02002-5
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
11
通讯作者：
Teicher,MartinH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhu,Jianjun;Anderson,CarlM;Ohashi,Kyoko;Khan,Alaptagin;Teicher,MartinH
儿童期虐待是精神病理学的主要风险因素，尽管目前还不清楚为什么有些人会发展出风险厌恶性障碍，如焦虑和抑郁，而其他人则会发展出包括药物滥用在内的风险承担障碍。一个关键的问题是，虐待的后果是否取决于儿童时期任何时候所经历的不同类型虐待的数量，或者是否存在在特定年龄遭受特定类型虐待产生最大影响的敏感时期。使用虐待和虐待暴露时间表收集了儿童时期每年暴露于10种虐待的严重程度的回顾性信息。人工智能预测分析用于描述最重要的类型/时间风险因素。在威胁检测系统的关键组件中评估了对威胁与中性面部图像的BOLD激活fMRI反应（即，杏仁核、海马、前扣带回、额下回以及腹内侧和背内侧前额叶皮质）。青少年时期的情感虐待与对威胁的过度活跃反应有关，而儿童早期的暴露，主要是目睹暴力和同伴身体欺凌，与所有地区的中性面孔比恐惧面孔更活跃的相反模式有关。这些发现强烈表明，皮质边缘区有两个不同的敏感期窗口的可塑性增强时，虐待可以发挥相反的功能。虐待需要从发展的角度来看待，以充分理解其持久的神经生物学和临床后果。
Childhood maltreatment is a leading risk factor for psychopathology, though it is unclear why some develop risk averse disorders, such as anxiety and depression, and others risk-taking disorders including substance abuse. A critical question is whether the consequences of maltreatment depend on the number of different types of maltreatment experienced at any time during childhood or whether there are sensitive periods when exposure to particular types of maltreatment at specific ages exert maximal effects. Retrospective information on severity of exposure to ten types of maltreatment during each year of childhood was collected using the Maltreatment and Abuse Chronology of Exposure scale. Artificial Intelligence predictive analytics were used to delineate the most important type/time risk factors. BOLD activation fMRI response to threatening versus neutral facial images was assessed in key components of the threat detection system (i.e., amygdala, hippocampus, anterior cingulate, inferior frontal gyrus and ventromedial and dorsomedial prefrontal cortices) in 202 healthy, unmedicated, participants (84 M/118 F, 23.2 ± 1.7 years old). Emotional maltreatment during teenage years was associated with hyperactive response to threat whereas early childhood exposure, primarily to witnessing violence and peer physical bullying, was associated with an opposite pattern of greater activation to neutral than fearful faces in all regions. These findings strongly suggest that corticolimbic regions have two different sensitive period windows of enhanced plasticity when maltreatment can exert opposite effects on function. Maltreatment needs to be viewed from a developmental perspective in order to fully comprehend its enduring neurobiological and clinical consequences.