Spatial variability in prey phenology determines predator movement patterns and prey survival.
Spatial variability in prey phenology determines predator movement patterns and prey survival.
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猎物物候的空间变异决定了捕食者的运动模式和猎物的生存。
DOI：
10.1007/s10452-017-9623-6
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Takahashi;K. & Sato;T.
物种在相对较小空间尺度的局部生境中存在物候差异。然而，很少有研究测试物候的空间变异性如何介导种内/种间的相互作用。当捕食者追踪猎物在当地栖息地的物候变化时，猎物在当地栖息地的生存受到与其邻近栖息地同种动物物候同步性的强烈影响。理论预测，在空间结构环境中，局部栖息地的物候同步性增加了猎物在局部栖息地的存活率，因为捕食者必须选择觅食的栖息地。因此，在区域尺度上，猎物的总存活率应该更高。本文通过空间显式野外实验，利用蝌蚪（Rhacophorus arboreus）和蝾螈（Cynops pyrrhogaster）之间的捕食相互作用对上述假设进行了验证。我们建立了由2个储罐（≈当地栖息地尺度）组成的圈闭（≈区域尺度），这些储罐具有不同程度的猎物物候同步性。研究发现，各圈闭内各容器间猎物物候同步减少了捕食者在每个容器内的平均停留时间，从而提高了猎物在局部栖息地尺度上的存活率，支持了理论预测。此外，个体水平上捕食者停留时间的变化解释了物候同步性围场中猎物生存的池间变化，这意味着捕食者的运动模式可以调节猎物种群动态的变化。但在物候同步性条件下，各圈地的总存活率均不高。这些结果表明，在当地栖息地中，猎物物候的相对时间，而不是绝对时间，在确定捕食者-猎物相互作用方面具有重要意义。
Species have phenological variation among local habitats that are located at relatively small spatial scales. However, less studies have tested how this spatial variability in phenology can mediate intra-/inter-specific interactions. When predators track phenological variation of prey among local habitats, survival of prey within a local habitat strongly influenced by phenological synchrony with their conspecifics in adjacent habitats. Theory predicts that phenological synchrony among local habitats increases prey survival in local habitat within spatially structured environments because the predators have to make a habitat choice for foraging. Consequently, total survival of prey at regional scale should be higher. By using a spatially explicit field experiment, we tested above hypothesis using a prey–predator interaction between tadpole (Rhacophorus arboreus) and newt (Cynops pyrrhogaster). We established enclosures (≈regional scale) consisting of two tanks (≈local habitat scale) with different degree of prey phenological synchrony. We found that phenological synchrony of prey between tanks within each enclosure decreased the mean residence time of the predator in each tank, which resulted in higher survival of prey at a local habitat scale, supporting the theoretical prediction. Furthermore, individual-level variation in predator residence time explained the between-tank variation in prey survival in enclosures with phenological synchrony, implying that movement patterns of the predator can mediate variation in local population dynamics of their prey. However, total survival at each enclosure was not higher under phenological synchrony. These results suggest the importance of relative timing of prey phenology, not absolute timing, among local habitats in determining prey–predator interactions.