Comparison of the Feeding Niche of Polyphagous Insectivores (Araneae) in a Texas Cotton Plantation: Estimates of Niche Breadth and Overlap
Comparison of the Feeding Niche of Polyphagous Insectivores (Araneae) in a Texas Cotton Plantation: Estimates of Niche Breadth and Overlap
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DOI：
10.1093/ee/23.5.1294
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发表时间：
1994-10
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
M. Nyffeler;W. Sterling
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Nyffeler;W. Sterling
通过计算生态位宽度系数和生态位重叠系数，比较了10种多食性食虫蜘蛛的取食生态位。这项研究是基于得克萨斯州东部一个无虫害棉花种植园的捕食证据。重叠值均<1.00（0.08 - 0.94），表明在棉区生态系统中，各蜘蛛种都有自己的取食生态位。饮食宽度，这是负相关的喂养专业化，计算每个物种。最高值约为最低值的五倍，这表明不同物种在摄食专业化方面存在相当大的差异。食物宽度值表明，大的网络编织者表现出较低的专门喂养行为（相对广泛的喂养生态位）相比，小的网络编织者（狭窄的喂养生态位）。在这项研究中，猎物专家集中在蚜虫或火蚁作为主要食物来源。非网络建设蜘蛛Oxyopes salticus Hentz，积极寻找棉花植物的猎物（最多= 6毫米的最大长度），表现出最高的饮食宽度值（广泛的喂养生态位）在本实验的条件下。这种丰富的物种，被认为是一个非常有益的生物控制剂的较小的棉花害虫，显示出高度的灵活性，在其觅食模式。
The feeding niches of 10 spider species that are polyphagous insectivores were compared by computing coefficients of niche breadth and niche overlap. The study is based on predation evidence from an insecticide-free cotton plantation in east Texas. All overlap values were <1.00 (range, 0.08–0.94), which indicates that each spider species has its own feeding niche in the cotton agroecosystem. Diet breadth, that is inversely related to feeding specialization, was computed for each species. The highest value was approximately five times higher than the minimum, which indicates considerable differences between species in feeding specialization. Diet breadth values indicate that large web weavers exhibited a less specialized feeding behavior (relatively broad feeding niche) compared with small web weavers (narrow feeding niche). Prey specialists in this study concentrated on either aphids or fire ants as a primary food source. The nonweb-building spider Oxyopes salticus Hentz, which actively searches the cotton plant for prey (up to=6 mm maximum length), showed the highest diet breadth value (broad feeding niche) under the conditions of this experiment. This abundant species, which is considered a highly beneficial biocontrol agent of smaller cotton pests, shows high flexibility in its foraging patterns.