Knowing bears: An ethnographic study of knowledge and agency in human–bear cohabitation
Knowing bears: An ethnographic study of knowledge and agency in human–bear cohabitation
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了解熊：对人熊同居知识和能动性的人种学研究
DOI：
10.1177/25148486211015037
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. Fletcher
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Svetoslava Toncheva;R. Fletcher
这篇文章探讨了保加利亚罗多皮山区的一个人类与野生动物同居的案例，在那里，人类和棕熊（Ursus arctos）已经适应了相对和谐的生活。虽然这是由于各种因素，但其中最主要的是人和熊似乎都在追求彼此的知识，并根据这些知识采取行动，以积极地减少冲突的可能性。我们借鉴这种情况下，以促进越来越多的讨论如何非人类应被理解和纳入保护政策。虽然保护传统上被理解为人类代表其他物种所做的事情，但越来越多的“超越人类”的研究挑战了这种观点，认为非人类应该被视为他们所占据空间的“共同构成者”。基于这种理解，有些人甚至断言，“多物种伦理”要求非人类积极参与有关此类空间治理的决策。虽然我们的研究确实表明，人类和熊似乎都根据对对方行为的感知来塑造自己的行为，但它也表明，对熊行为的了解最终总是由人类在保护管理中解释。此外，不同的利益相关者群体对熊的了解不同，这影响了他们对动物的态度和行为。因此，这项研究提出了一些重要的问题，即如何将熊（和其他非人类）纳入保护决策，以及在这个过程中谁的知识应该得到特权。
This article explores a case of human–wildlife cohabitation in the Rodopi mountains of Bulgaria, wherein people and brown bears (Ursus arctos) have adapted to living together in relative harmony. While this is due to a variety of factors, chief among these is the way both people and bears appear to pursue knowledge of one another and act on this knowledge so as to actively minimize potential for conflict. We draw on this case to contribute to growing discussion concerning how nonhumans should be understood and included within conservation policymaking. While conservation has conventionally been understood as something humans do on behalf of other species, a growing body of “more-than-human” research challenges this perspective as “anthropocentric” in arguing that nonhumans should be considered “co-constitutive actors” of the spaces they occupy. Based on this understanding, some go so far as to assert that a “multispecies ethics” demands that nonhumans be actively included in decision-making concerning such spaces’ governance. While our study indeed demonstrates that both humans and bears seem to mold their behavior in relation to their sensing of the other’s behavior, it also demonstrates that knowledge of bears’ behavior is ultimately always interpreted by humans in conservation management. Moreover, different groups of stakeholders hold different knowledge of bears that influence their attitudes and behavior towards the animals. The study thus raises important questions concerning how to incorporate bears (and other nonhumans) within conservation decision-making, and whose knowledge should be privileged in the process.
影响因子：
1.6
作者：
Adrian Martin;N. Gross-Camp;Anne Akol
通讯作者：
Adrian Martin;N. Gross-Camp;Anne Akol