Affective evaluation of others' altruistic decisions under risk and ambiguity
Affective evaluation of others' altruistic decisions under risk and ambiguity
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在风险和模糊性下对他人利他决策的情感评估
DOI：
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116996
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Zhou Xiaolin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Xiong Wei;Gao Xiaoxue;He Zhewen;Yu Hongbo;Liu Huiying;Zhou Xiaolin
当一个人成为一个利他决定的目标时，感激之情就会产生，尤其是当这个决定给行为人带来成本时。在这里，我们研究了个体如何在风险（已知概率的不确定性）和模糊（未知概率的不确定性）成本下评估他人的利他决策，并以感激和互惠的方式做出反应。参与者在fMRI扫描仪中玩一个互动游戏，在游戏中他们会受到痛苦的电击。一个匿名的合作参与者有意（人类条件）或无意（计算机条件）决定是否通过承担一定程度的痛苦（即成本）来帮助参与者减少一半的痛苦，这些痛苦具有不同程度的不确定性（确定性、风险、模糊性）。然后，参与者可以在知道合作玩家不知道这种转移的情况下，将货币点数转移给合作玩家。在行为上，随着成本不确定性水平的增加，货币分配和感激等级也随之增加；在计算机条件下，这些影响减弱了。成本不确定性对感恩的影响是通过帮助背后的感知善意意图来中介的。FMRI揭示了在风险和模糊情况下评估捐助者的利他决定的共同和不同的神经认知底物：两者都与恐惧和焦虑相关的过程有关，涉及右侧眶额皮质和前脑岛；歧义还涉及心智化和冲突监控相关的过程，包括前额叶内侧背皮层和前扣带背皮层。这些发现强调了社会不确定性感知在感恩产生中的关键作用。
Gratitude arises when one is the target of an altruistic decision, particularly when this decision incurs cost to the agent. Here we examined how individuals evaluate others’ altruistic decisions under risky (uncertainty with known probabilities) and ambiguous (uncertainty with unknown probabilities) costs and respond with gratitude and reciprocity. Participants played an interactive game in an fMRI scanner in which they would receive painful electric shocks. An anonymous co-player either intentionally (Human conditions) or unintentionally (Computer conditions) decided whether to help the participant reduce half of the pain by undertaking an amount of pain (i.e., cost) with varying level of uncertainty (Certainvs.Riskyvs.Ambiguous). Participants could then transfer monetary points to the co-player knowing that the co-player was unaware of this transfer. Behaviorally, monetary allocation and gratitude rating increased as the uncertainty level of cost increased in Human conditions; these effects were reduced in Computer conditions. The effect of cost uncertainty on gratitude was mediated by the perceived kind intention behind the help. FMRI revealed both shared and differential neurocognitive substrates for evaluating the benefactor’s altruistic decisions under risk and ambiguity: both were associated with fear- and anxiety-related processes, involving right lateral orbitofrontal cortex and anterior insula; ambiguity additionally recruited mentalizing- and conflict monitoring-related processes, involving dorsal medial prefrontal cortex and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. These findings underscore the crucial role of social uncertainty perception in the generation of gratitude.