Science audiences, misinformation, and fake news
Science audiences, misinformation, and fake news
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1805871115
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发表时间：
2019-04-16
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Krause, Nicole M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Scheufele, Dietram A.;Krause, Nicole M.
人们对美国从政治到科学领域的公共错误信息的担忧与日俱增。在这里，我们概述了公民如何以及为何对科学产生（有时仍然）误解。我们的讨论特别关注公民个人之间的错误信息。然而，如果不考虑社交网络、信息生态和其他提供重要社会背景的宏观变量，就不可能理解个体的信息处理和接受。具体来说，我们展示了被误导是如何与一个人发现谎言的能力和动机有关的，而且还与其他群体层面和社会因素有关，这些因素增加了公民接触正确信息的机会。最后，我们讨论了一些研究领域，其中一些与 2017 年美国国家科学院、工程院和医学院《有效传播科学》报告的主题相呼应，这些领域对于我们未来对错误信息的理解尤其重要，特别是对错误信息问题的系统方法、对新媒体环境中科学传播进行更系统分析的需要，以及（重新）关注传统上服务不足的受众。
Concerns about public misinformation in the United States-ranging from politics to science-are growing. Here, we provide an overview of how and why citizens become (and sometimes remain) misinformed about science. Our discussion focuses specifically on misinformation among individual citizens. However, it is impossible to understand individual information processing and acceptance without taking into account social networks, information ecologies, and other macro-level variables that provide important social context. Specifically, we show how being misinformed is a function of a person's ability and motivation to spot falsehoods, but also of other group-level and societal factors that increase the chances of citizens to be exposed to correct(ive) information. We conclude by discussing a number of research areas-some of which echo themes of the 2017 National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Communicating Science Effectively report-that will be particularly important for our future understanding of misinformation, specifically a systems approach to the problem of misinformation, the need for more systematic analyses of science communication in new media environments, and a (re)focusing on traditionally underserved audiences.