Linking Surface Urban Heat Islands with Groundwater Temperatures.
Linking Surface Urban Heat Islands with Groundwater Temperatures.
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DOI：
10.1021/acs.est.5b03672
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发表时间：
2016-01
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
S. Benz;P. Bayer;F. Goettsche;F. Olesen;P. Blum
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Benz;P. Bayer;F. Goettsche;F. Olesen;P. Blum
城市的温度通常但不一定比农村环境高。城市热岛现象存在于地表和地下。这些区域通过传导热传输耦合。然而，确切的过程还没有得到充分的理解。利用卫星获得的地表温度和插值地下水温度测量，我们比较了两种类型的热岛在德国四个城市的空间特性，并发现高达80%的相关性。最好的相关性是在科隆和柏林等较老的成熟城市。然而，在95%的分析区域，由于额外的地下热源，如建筑物及其地下室，地下水温度高于地表温度。城市中心和工业区下的地下水热点并没有被卫星导出的地表温度所揭示。因此，我们提出了一种估计方法，涉及地下水温度的年平均地表温度，建筑密度，地下室温度升高。利用这种方法，我们能够准确地估计区域地下水温度的平均绝对误差为0.9 K。
Urban temperatures are typically, but not necessarily, elevated compared to their rural surroundings. This phenomenon of urban heat islands (UHI) exists both above and below the ground. These zones are coupled through conductive heat transport. However, the precise process is not sufficiently understood. Using satellite-derived land surface temperature and interpolated groundwater temperature measurements, we compare the spatial properties of both kinds of heat islands in four German cities and find correlations of up to 80%. The best correlation is found in older, mature cities such as Cologne and Berlin. However, in 95% of the analyzed areas, groundwater temperatures are higher than land surface temperatures due to additional subsurface heat sources such as buildings and their basements. Local groundwater hot spots under city centers and under industrial areas are not revealed by satellite-derived land surface temperatures. Hence, we propose an estimation method that relates groundwater temperatures to mean annual land-surface temperatures, building density, and elevated basement temperatures. Using this method, we are able to accurately estimate regional groundwater temperatures with a mean absolute error of 0.9 K.