Anabolic steroids are fool's gold.
Anabolic steroids are fool's gold.
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合成代谢类固醇是愚人金。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1981
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Ryan Aj
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ryan Aj
由于肌肉力量的增加与正在训练的肌肉的横截面直径的增加成正比，因此身体必须转化比正常量更多的氨基酸，以增加运动员在训练中的尺寸。当雄激素在20世纪30年代变得可用时，它们主要用于恢复饥饿受害者的正氮平衡。合成代谢类固醇是为了避免雄激素的不良影响而开发的，最初用于举重运动员，但足球运动员和举重运动员很快就开始使用它们。从1965年至1977年，发表了25项临床研究，涉及向成年男性施用合成代谢雄激素类固醇，以评估力量的变化，其中10项研究的最大耗氧量。在这些研究中，有12项声称使用这些类固醇改善;在其他13项中没有观察到改善。其他研究表明，在健康的成年男性中，这些类固醇减少睾酮和促性腺激素的分泌，从而减少精子发生。在接受C17-烷基化睾酮衍生物治疗的患者中，发现高达80%的正常肝功能发生改变。在接受这种治疗的成年人中，也有报告说有紫癜性肝炎，伴有肝功能衰竭和死亡，以及致命的肝癌。检测尿液中合成代谢类固醇的可靠方法现在用于某些国际比赛。测试，宣布禁令和取消资格在控制药物使用方面并不有效。这样做的最大希望在于运动员及其监督员的继续教育。
: Since increases in muscle strength are proportional to increases in the cross-sectional diameter of the muscles being trained, the body must convert greater than normal amounts of amino acids available to it to increase size in athletes in training. When androgens became available in the 1930's they were used primarily to restore positive nitrogen balance in victims of starvation. Anabolic steroids, which were developed to avoid unwanted effects of androgens, were first given to weight lifters, but football players and weight throwers were soon using them. From 1965 to 1977, 25 clinical studies were published dealing with the administration of an anabolic-androgenic steroid to adult human males for evaluating changes in strength and, in 10 of these studies, in maximum oxygen consumption. In 12 of these studies, improvements were claimed from the use of these steroids; in the other 13 no improvements were observed. Other studies have shown that in healthy adult males these steroids reduce testosterone and gonadotrophin output, which reduces spermatogenesis. Alterations of normal liver function have been found in up to 80% of persons treated with C17-alkylated testosterone derivatives. Peliosis hepatitis, with liver failure and death, and fatal liver cancer have also been reported in adults so treated. Reliable methods for detecting anabolic steroids in the urine are now used in certain international competitions. Testing, announced bans, and disqualifications have not been effective in controlling the use of the drugs. The best hope for doing so lies in continuing education of athletes and their supervisors.