De novo sequencing and comparative transcriptome analysis of white petals and red labella in Phalaenopsis for discovery of genes related to flower color and floral differentation
De novo sequencing and comparative transcriptome analysis of white petals and red labella in Phalaenopsis for discovery of genes related to flower color and floral differentation
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DOI：
10.5586/asbp.2014.023
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发表时间：
2014-09
影响因子：
1
通讯作者：
Yuxia Yang;Jingjing Wang;Mao Zhihu;Guosheng Sun;Changwei Zhang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Yuxia Yang;Jingjing Wang;Mao Zhihu;Guosheng Sun;Changwei Zhang
蝴蝶兰是世界上最受欢迎和最重要的附生单轴兰花之一。蝴蝶兰非凡的花卉多样性是其进化成功的反映。由于这种多样性和蝴蝶兰花色发育的复杂性，本种是发育生物学研究的有价值的研究材料。然而，对蝴蝶兰花色和花器官形成的分子机制的研究仍处于早期阶段。在这项研究中，我们产生了大量的数据，从蝴蝶兰花相结合的Illumina测序与差异表达基因（DEG）分析。从花瓣和唇瓣中分别获得37723个和34020个单基因。共鉴定了2736个DEG，并对多个公共数据库进行了BLAST检索，对许多DEG的功能进行了注释。我们将837个上调的DEG（432个来自花瓣，405个来自唇瓣）映射到102个京都基因和基因组途径百科全书。几乎所有的途径都在花瓣（102条途径）和唇瓣（99条途径）中得到了代表。与能量代谢有关的DEGs在唇瓣和花瓣中的分布差异显著，且在这两个器官中均发现了与花色和花分化有关的DEGs。有趣的是，我们还确定了编码类胡萝卜素合成中几种关键酶的基因。这些基因在花瓣和唇瓣中差异表达，表明类胡萝卜素可能影响蝴蝶兰花色。因此，我们得出结论，花青素和/或类胡萝卜素的组合决定蝴蝶兰花色形成。这些结果拓宽了我们对蝴蝶兰等兰花花色和花器官分化的调控机制的理解。
Phalaenopsis is one of the world’s most popular and important epiphytic monopodial orchids. The extraordinary floral diversity of Phalaenopsis is a reflection of its evolutionary success. As a consequence of this diversity, and of the complexity of flower color development in Phalaenopsis , this species is a valuable research material for developmental biology studies. Nevertheless, research on the molecular mechanisms underlying flower color and floral organ formation in Phalaenopsis is still in the early phases. In this study, we generated large amounts of data from Phalaenopsis flowers by combining Illumina sequencing with differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis. We obtained 37 723 and 34 020 unigenes from petals and labella, respectively. A total of 2736 DEGs were identified, and the functions of many DEGs were annotated by BLAST-searching against several public databases. We mapped 837 up-regulated DEGs (432 from petals and 405 from labella) to 102 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. Almost all pathways were represented in both petals (102 pathways) and labella (99 pathways). DEGs involved in energy metabolism were significantly differentially distributed between labella and petals, and various DEGs related to flower color and floral differentiation were found in the two organs. Interestingly, we also identified genes encoding several key enzymes involved in carotenoid synthesis. These genes were differentially expressed between petals and labella, suggesting that carotenoids may influence Phalaenopsis flower color. We thus conclude that a combination of anthocyanins and/or carotenoids determine flower color formation in Phalaenopsis . These results broaden our understanding of the mechanisms controlling flower color and floral organ differentiation in Phalaenopsis and other orchids.