Polyfluorinated Compounds in the Atmosphere of the Atlantic and Southern Oceans: Evidence for a Global Distribution
Polyfluorinated Compounds in the Atmosphere of the Atlantic and Southern Oceans: Evidence for a Global Distribution
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DOI：
10.1021/es9010465
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发表时间：
2009-09-01
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Ebinghaus, Ralf
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dreyer, Annekatrin;Weinberg, Ingo;Ebinghaus, Ralf
2007年和2008年，在大西洋、南大洋和波罗的海的几艘研究船上以及德国汉堡附近的一个陆地站点采集了大量空气样本，分析了全氟和多氟有机化合物（PFCs）。一组中性的，挥发性的全氟化碳，如氟调聚物醇（FTOH）或全氟烷基磺酰胺和离子非挥发性的全氟化碳，如全氟羧酸盐（PFCA）和磺酸盐（PFSA）收集在PUF/XAD-2/PUF墨盒和玻璃纤维过滤器，并确定使用GC-MS和HPLC-MS/MS。全氟化碳在所有的空气样品中检测到，即使在南极地区，主要发生在气相中。船载样本的总气相浓度从南大洋的4.5皮克/立方米到欧洲来源区的335皮克/立方米不等。通常在最高浓度下观察到的分析物8：2 FTOH的浓度在1.8和130 pg m（-3）之间。PFC浓度从大陆区域向海洋区域以及从中欧向北极和南极洲降低。南半球各PFCs的浓度明显低于北方。根据这一数据集，计算了海洋本底PFC浓度和大气停留时间。该研究进一步证明，挥发性全氟化学品通过大气远距离迁移到偏远地区，可能导致其被持久性全氟乙酸和全氟辛烷磺酸污染。
High Volume air samples taken onboard several research vessels in the Atlantic Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and the Baltic Sea as well as at one land-based site close to Hamburg, Germany, in 2007 and 2008 were analyzed for per- and polyfluorinated organic compounds (PFCs). A set of neutral, volatile PFCs such as fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOH) or perfluoroalkyl sulfonamides and ionic nonvolatile PFCs like perfluorinated carboxylates (PFCA) and sulfonates (PFSA) were collected on PUF/XAD-2/PUF cartridges and glass fiber filters and determined using GC-MS and HPLC-MS/MS. PFCs were detected in all air samples, even in Antarctic regions, and occurred predominantly in the gas phase. Total gas-phase concentrations of ship-based samples ranged from 4.5 pg m(-3) in the Southern Ocean to 335 pg m(-3) in European source regions. Concentrations of 8:2 FTOH, the analyte that was usually observed in highest concentrations, were between 1.8 and 130 pg m(-3). PFC concentrations decreased from continental regions toward marine regions and from Central Europe toward the Arctic and Antarctica. Southern hemispheric concentrations of individual PFCs were significantly lower than those of the northern hemisphere. On the basis of this data set marine background PFC concentrations and atmospheric residence times were calculated. This study gives further evidence that volatile PFCs undergo atmospheric long-range transport to remote regions and may contribute to their contamination with persistent PFCA and PFSA.