What Do Corruption Indices Measure?
What Do Corruption Indices Measure?
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DOI：
10.1111/ecpo.12037
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发表时间：
2014-07-01
影响因子：
1
通讯作者：
Ujhelyi, Gergely
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Donchev, Dilyan;Ujhelyi, Gergely
来自《国际犯罪受害调查》和《世界商业环境调查》的证据表明，实际腐败经历并不能很好地预测所报告的腐败看法，而一些通常被认为能减少腐败的因素，如经济发展、民主制度或新教传统，会系统性地使腐败看法指数低于腐败经历。此外，感知指数受绝对（而非相对）腐败程度的影响，而腐败程度往往对大国不利，感知指数对绝对和相对腐败的敏感度都在下降，这表明感知指数可能更好地反映腐败程度低的国家之间的差异，而不是腐败程度高的国家之间的差异。个人特征，如教育、年龄或就业状况，以及公司层面的特征，如竞争对手的数量，也会影响腐败感知，保持经验不变。
Evidence from the International Crime Victimization Survey and the World Business Environment Survey suggests that actual corruption experience is a weak predictor of reported corruption perception, and that some of the factors commonly found to reduce corruption, such as economic development, democratic institutions or Protestant traditions, systematically bias corruption perception indices downward from corruption experience. In addition, perception indices are influenced by absolute (as opposed to relative) levels of corruption, which tends to penalize large countries, and they exhibit diminishing sensitivity to both absolute and relative corruption, indicating that they may better capture differences among countries with low levels of corruption than among highly corrupt ones. Individual characteristics such as education, age, or employment status, and firm-level characteristics such as the number of competitors are also found to influence corruption perceptions holding experience constant.