Evariste Galois
Evariste Galois
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埃瓦里斯特·伽罗瓦
DOI：
10.1038/129786c0
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Évariste Galois
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Évariste Galois
摘要“思想史上没有一段插曲”，G。萨顿，“比Evariste Galois的生活更感人，这位年轻的法国人在1828年像流星一样走过，投入了几年狂热的时间进行最激烈的冥想，并于1832年死于20岁时在决斗中受伤。他仍然是一个单纯的男孩，但在这些短短的几年里，他已经取得了足够的成就，毫无疑问地证明，他是一个最伟大的数学家的所有时间。萨顿博士在1921年10月的《科学月刊》上讲述了伽罗瓦的悲惨故事。他于1811年10月25日出生在巴黎附近的布尔格-拉-雷内村，父亲是一位校长兼市长，他娶了一位受过良好教育的律师的女儿，据说她“慷慨到了一个错误的地步，独创到了古怪的地步”。教在第一次由他的母亲，在1823年伽罗瓦被送往路易勒大学院，并在两次未能获得录取的Éeole理工学院，于1829年进入高等师范。在学校里，他因无疑从母亲那里继承来的品质而引人注目，老师们对他的理解很少。其中一个写道：“数学的狂热控制了他。”他的职业生涯中的”科尔诺梅尔是短暂的。由于未能引起人们对他的工作的注意而感到痛苦，并因父亲的自杀而心烦意乱，他卷入了政治讨论，并被驱逐出境。他直言不讳的共和主义后来导致了他的监禁，他年轻时的痛苦加上一个阴谋，这可能导致了决斗，使他付出了生命。决斗发生在1832年5月30日清晨，第二天他在科钦医院去世。他的全部作品填补只有61小页，但法国几何，出版了大量约四十年后伽罗瓦'死亡，宣布这只是一个评论后者的发现。
Abstract“No episode in the history of thought”, says Dr. G. Sarton, “is more moving than the life of Evariste Galois—the young Frenchman who passed like a meteor about 1828, devoted a few feverish years to the most intense meditation, and died in 1832 from a wound received in a duel at the age of twenty. He was still a mere boy, yet within these short years he had accomplished enough to prove indubitably that he was one of the greatest mathematicians of all time.” The tragic story of Galois was told by Dr. Sarton in the Scientific Monthly for Oct. 1921. Born at the village of Bourg-la-Reine near Paris on Oct. 25, 1811, he was the son of a schoolmaster and mayor, who had married a lawyer's daughter of good education, said to have been “generous to a fault and original to the point of queerness”. Taught at first by his mother, in 1823 Galois was sent to the College Louis-le-Grand, and after twice failing to gain admission to the Éeole Polytechnique, in 1829 entered the École Normale. At school he had been conspicuous for the qualities he had undoubtedly inherited from his mother, and was little understood by his teachers. “The furor of mathematics possesses him”, one of them wrote. His career at the É” cole Normale was short. Embittered by his failure to attract attention to his work, and distracted by the suicide of his father, he became embroiled in political discussion and he was expelled. His outspoken republicanism afterwards led to his imprisonment, and to his youthful miseries was added that of an intrigue, which probably led to the duel which cost him his life. The duel took place on the early morning of May 30, 1832, and he died next day in the Hôpital Cochin. His complete works fill only sixty-one small pages, but a French geometer, publishing a large volume some forty years after Galois' death, declared that it was simply a commentary on the latter's discoveries.