A global view of aspen: Conservation science for widespread keystone systems
A global view of aspen: Conservation science for widespread keystone systems
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DOI：
10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00828
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发表时间：
2020-03
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
P. Rogers;B. Pinno;J. Šebesta;B. Albrectsen;Guoqing Li;N. Ivanova;A. Kusbach;T. Kuuluvainen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Rogers;B. Pinno;J. Šebesta;B. Albrectsen;Guoqing Li;N. Ivanova;A. Kusbach;T. Kuuluvainen
在整个北方半球，六种白杨（杨属）。在促进生物多样性、固碳、限制森林干扰和提供其他生态系统服务方面发挥着不成比例的重要作用。这些物种说明了超越单一物种保护的努力，因为它们促进了全世界数百种植物和动物的发展。这篇评论的目的是把白杨在全球保护的背景下，集中在许多科学进步发生在这样的生物多样性系统。以这种方式，白杨可以作为其他广泛的基石系统，以科学为基础的做法可能对生物多样性保护的世界影响的模式。在许多地区，白杨作为森林景观中唯一的主要阔叶树可以在几十年到几个世纪的时间里保持树冠优势，否则针叶树占主导地位。白杨生态系统的价值有很多原因，但在这里，我们强调它们作为区域和全球生物多样性的关键贡献者的潜力。我们提出了研究重点，优势和弱点的全球趋势，基于，1）定性调查，2）系统的文献分析，3）领先研究课题的区域综合。这些区域综合研究探讨了重要的白杨用途、威胁和研究重点，最终目的是研究共享，重点是良好的保护实践。在所有地区，我们发现白杨增强了生物多样性，促进了自然和受损环境中的快速（重新）殖民（例如，废弃的矿井），并在不断变化的环境中提供适应性。白杨生态系统在许多地区（但不是所有地区）面临的共同威胁包括食草动物的影响、土地清理、有利于针叶树物种的伐木做法以及预计的气候变暖。我们还强调了上述三种调查方法中出现的区域研究差距。我们认为，多尺度的研究是必要的，在动态气候的背景下，生态，生理和遗传变异将最终决定广泛的白杨的可持续性检查干扰过程。基于对白杨研究的全球回顾，我们主张推进“大保护”战略，其核心思想是维持一套共同的关键群落（白杨），以支持广泛的专性物种。这种方法与传统的保护方法形成鲜明对比，传统的保护方法将有限的资源集中在居住在狭窄小生境中的单个物种上。
Across the northern hemisphere, six species of aspen (Populus spp.) play a disproportionately important role in promoting biodiversity, sequestering carbon, limiting forest disturbances, and providing other ecosystem services. These species are illustrative of efforts to move beyond single-species conservation because they facilitate hundreds of plants and animals worldwide. This review is intended to place aspen in a global conservation context by focusing on the many scientific advances taking place in such biologically diverse systems. In this manner, aspen may serve as a model for other widespread keystone systems where science-based practice may have world implications for biodiversity conservation. In many regions, aspen can maintain canopy dominance for decades to centuries as the sole major broadleaf trees in forested landscapes otherwise dominated by conifers. Aspen ecosystems are valued for many reasons, but here we highlight their potential as key contributors to regional and global biodiversity. We present global trends in research priorities, strengths, and weaknesses based on, 1) a qualitative survey, 2) a systematic literature analysis, and 3) regional syntheses of leading research topics. These regional syntheses explore important aspen uses, threats, and research priorities with the ultimate intent of research sharing focused on sound conservation practice. In all regions, we found that aspen enhance biodiversity, facilitate rapid (re)colonization in natural and damaged settings (e.g., abandoned mines), and provide adaptability in changing environments. Common threats to aspen ecosystems in many, but not all, regions include effects of herbivory, land clearing, logging practices favoring conifer species, and projected climate warming. We also highlight regional research gaps that emerged from the three survey approaches above. We believe multi-scale research is needed that examines disturbance processes in the context of dynamic climates where ecological, physiological, and genetic variability will ultimately determine widespread aspen sustainability. Based on this global review of aspen research, we argue for the advancement of the “mega-conservation” strategy, centered on the idea of sustaining a set of common keystone communities (aspen) that support wide arrays of obligate species. This approach contrasts with conventional preservation which focuses limited resources on individual species residing in narrow niches.