Evaluation of Long-Term Cloud-Resolving Model Simulations Using Satellite Radiance Observations and Multifrequency Satellite Simulators
Evaluation of Long-Term Cloud-Resolving Model Simulations Using Satellite Radiance Observations and Multifrequency Satellite Simulators
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DOI：
10.1175/2008jtecha1168.1
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发表时间：
2009-07
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
T. Matsui;Xiping Zeng;W. Tao;H. Masunaga;W. Olson;S. Lang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Matsui;Xiping Zeng;W. Tao;H. Masunaga;W. Olson;S. Lang
本文提出了一种称为热带降雨测量使命（TRMM）的三传感器三步评估框架（T3EF）的方法，用于系统评估云解析模式（CRM）中的降水云类型和微物理。T3EF利用多传感器卫星模拟器和TRMM卫星观测到的多传感器辐射和后向散射信号的新统计数据。具体而言，T3EF比较CRM和卫星观测的降水雷达（PR）反射率，偏振校正的微波亮度温度（Tb），红外Tb的组合概率分布的形式来评估候选CRM。用T3EF模式对南海季风试验（SCSMEX）和夸贾林试验（KWAJEX）的戈达德积云团（GCE）模式进行了数值模拟。这项评估表明，GCE正确捕获的卫星测量的频率不同的降水云类型的SCSMEX的情况下，但高估的积云的频率在KWAJEX的情况下。此外，GCE往往模拟过大，丰富的冻结凝结物在深降水云推断，从高估GCE模拟的雷达反射率和微波Tb低压。揭示GCE性能中的详细错误为模型改进提供了更好的方向。
This paper proposes a methodology known as the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) TripleSensor Three-Step Evaluation Framework (T3EF) for the systematic evaluation of precipitating cloud types and microphysics in a cloud-resolving model (CRM). T3EF utilizes multisensor satellite simulators and novel statistics of multisensor radiance and backscattering signals observed from the TRMM satellite. Specifically, T3EF compares CRM and satellite observations in the form of combined probability distributions of precipitation radar (PR) reflectivity, polarization-corrected microwave brightness temperature (Tb), and infrared Tb to evaluate the candidate CRM. T3EF is used to evaluate the Goddard Cumulus Ensemble (GCE) model for cases involving the South China Sea Monsoon Experiment (SCSMEX) and the Kwajalein Experiment (KWAJEX). This evaluation reveals that the GCE properly captures the satellite-measured frequencies of different precipitating cloud types in the SCSMEX case but overestimates the frequencies of cumulus congestus in the KWAJEX case. Moreover, the GCE tends to simulate excessively large and abundant frozen condensates in deep precipitating clouds as inferred from the overestimated GCE-simulated radar reflectivities and microwave Tb depressions. Unveiling the detailed errors in the GCE’s performance provides the better direction for model improvements.