Taste receptors of the gut: emerging roles in health and disease
Taste receptors of the gut: emerging roles in health and disease
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DOI：
10.1136/gutjnl-2013-305112
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发表时间：
2014-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
24.5
通讯作者：
Depoortere, Inge
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Depoortere, Inge
最近在解开舌头味蕾中的营养感应机制方面的进展引发了对肠道中化学感受细胞的存在和作用的研究。事实上，胃肠道是食物和人体之间的关键界面，通过使用类似的G蛋白偶联味觉受体，可以像舌头一样感知基本的味道。这些受体品尝管腔内容物并传递调节营养转运蛋白表达和营养摄取的信号，以及参与能量和葡萄糖稳态调节的肠道激素和神经递质的释放。因此，它们在管腔、上皮、平滑肌细胞、传入神经纤维和大脑之间的通信中发挥重要作用，以触发影响胃肠道功能、食物摄入和葡萄糖代谢的适应性反应。这篇综述总结了如何感测营养物质的味觉受体沿着肠道发挥了关键作用，在消化过程中，以及如何干扰或适应这些化学感觉信号通路可能有助于诱导或解决一些病理条件相关的糖尿病，肥胖症，或饮食诱导的症状产生肠易激综合征。靶向这些受体可能代表了治疗许多这些疾病的有前途的新途径。
Recent progress in unravelling the nutrient-sensing mechanisms in the taste buds of the tongue has triggered studies on the existence and role of chemosensory cells in the gut. Indeed, the gastrointestinal tract is the key interface between food and the human body and can sense basic tastes in much the same way as the tongue, through the use of similar G-protein-coupled taste receptors. These receptors taste' the luminal content and transmit signals that regulate nutrient transporter expression and nutrient uptake, and also the release of gut hormones and neurotransmitters involved in the regulation of energy and glucose homeostasis. Hence, they play a prominent role in the communication between the lumen, epithelium, smooth muscle cells, afferent nerve fibres and the brain to trigger adaptive responses that affect gastrointestinal function, food intake and glucose metabolism. This review summarises how sensing of nutrients by taste receptors along the gut plays a key role in the process of digestion, and how disturbances or adaptations of these chemosensory signalling pathways may contribute to the induction or resolution of a number of pathological conditions related to diabetes, obesity, or diet-induced symptom generation in irritable bowel syndrome. Targeting these receptors may represent a promising novel route for the treatment of a number of these diseases.