Assessment of Particulate Matter Levels in Vulnerable Communities in North Charleston, South Carolina prior to Port Expansion.
Assessment of Particulate Matter Levels in Vulnerable Communities in North Charleston, South Carolina prior to Port Expansion.
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DOI：
10.4137/ehi.s12814
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Wilson SM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Svendsen ER;Reynolds S;Ogunsakin OA;Williams EM;Fraser-Rahim H;Zhang H;Wilson SM
查尔斯顿港是美国最繁忙的港口之一，目前运营着五个码头。第五个码头正在计划扩建，以容纳巴拿马运河扩建计划中的集装箱船。此次扩建预计将使当地脆弱的北查尔斯顿颈部社区的交通量每天增加至少 7,000 辆柴油卡车，比目前每天 10,000 辆卡车的平均流量增加 70% 以上。我们的目标是测量北查尔斯顿社区当前的颗粒物 (PM) 浓度，作为基线，与拟议的港口扩建后未来的空气污染进行对比。进行饱和度研究以确定当地查尔斯顿颈部社区 PM 的空间变异性。此外，还确定了该地区几十年来颗粒物空气污染的时间趋势。使用 BGI 采样器，可在 24 小时内收集 PM 样本，与联邦参考方法协议相当。 PM 过滤器样品的重量分析按照 EPA 协议进行。 1982年至2006年，全区PM10年平均值变化范围为17.0~55.0微克/立方米。仅两次PM10平均值超过国家标准50.0微克/立方米。就PM2.5而言，1999年至2006年年平均值为11.0至13.5微克/立方米，没有任何年平均值超过PM2.5年标准15.0微克/立方米。尽管自 20 世纪 60 年代以来，由于利益相关者对空气污染进行积极监测，查尔斯顿地区的环境 PM 水平有所下降，但北查尔斯顿颈部社区内的当地空气污染源几十年来一直对该地区的 PM 水平造成影响。环境 PM 的基线评估将允许与未来的评估进行比较，以确定卡车和港口交通增加对 PM 浓度的影响。
The Port of Charleston, one of the busiest US ports, currently operates five terminals. The fifth terminal is being planned for expansion to accommodate container ships from the proposed Panama Canal expansion. Such expansion is expected to increase traffic within local vulnerable North Charleston neck communities by at least 7,000 diesel truck trips per day, more than a 70% increase from the present average rate of 10,000 trucks per day. Our objective was to measure the current particulate matter (PM) concentrations in North Charleston communities as a baseline to contrast against future air pollution after the proposed port expansion. Saturation study was performed to determine spatial variability of PM in local Charleston neck communities. In addition, the temporal trends in particulate air pollution within the region were determined across several decades. With the BGI sampler, PM samples were collected for 24 hours comparable to the federal reference method protocol. Gravimetric analysis of the PM filter samples was conducted following EPA protocol. The range of the PM10 annual average across the region from 1982 to 2006 was 17.0–55.0 μg/m. On only two occasions were the records of PM10 averaged above the 50.0 μg/m national standard. In the case of PM2.5, the annual average for 1999–2006 ranged from 11.0 to 13.5 μg/m and no annual average exceeded the 15.0 μg/m PM2.5 annual standard. Although ambient PM levels have fallen in the Charleston region since the 1960s due to aggressive monitoring by the stakeholders against air pollution, local air pollution sources within the North Charleston neck communities have consistently contributed to the PM levels in the region for several decades. This baseline assessment of ambient PM will allow for comparisons with future assessments to ascertain the impact of the increased truck and port traffic on PM concentrations.