Interorgan Molecular Communication Strategies of "Local" and "Systemic" Innate Immune Response in Mosquito Anopheles stephensi
Interorgan Molecular Communication Strategies of "Local" and "Systemic" Innate Immune Response in Mosquito Anopheles stephensi
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DOI：
10.3389/fimmu.2018.00148
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发表时间：
2018-02-20
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Dixit, Rajnikant
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Das De, Tanwee;Sharma, Punita;Dixit, Rajnikant
传播许多致命传染病的蚊子也需要不断与许多微生物感染作斗争。在几乎所有的身体组织中组成型表达的多种抗菌肽（AMP）被认为是促进这些局部感染的有效管理。当任何感染突破局部屏障时，AMP在非靶组织如血细胞（HC）中被迅速诱导，并与全身免疫效应物建立协调以清除身体感染。但是，在局部和全身感染期间，器官间的免疫通讯是如何管理的，在很大程度上仍然未知。为了了解这种器官间的分子关系，我们确定，广泛的剖析和比较的AMP在三个重要的蚊子组织，即中肠，脂肪体（FB），和HC的表达。dsRNA介导的AMP沉默表明蚊子组织能够在生理水平上管理AMP的最佳表达。我们还研究了两个重要的免疫调节基因Relish（REL）和一氧化氮合酶的可能贡献，控制AMP在这些组织中的表达在局部或全身感染。我们表明，每个组织都有一个独特的能力，以应对局部/全身的挑战，但HC更专门的识别和区分特异性抗原比肠道和FB。我们的研究还表明，REL和NO都参与器官间免疫反应的整体管理，但同时每个组织也有自己的能力来维持器官间的信号流。据我们所知，这是第一次大规模研究蚊子器官间免疫关系的研究。
Mosquitoes that transmit many deadly infectious diseases also need to keep fighting against many microbial infections. Constitutive expression of multiple antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in almost all body tissues is believed to facilitate the effective management of these local infections. When any infection breaches the local barrier, AMPs are induced rapidly in non-target tissues such as hemocytes (HCs) and establish their co-ordination with systemic immune effectors to clear off the body infection. But how interorgan immune communication is managed during local and systemic infections remain largely unknown. To understand this interorgan molecular relationship, we identified, extensively profiled and compared the expression of AMPs in three important mosquito tissues viz. midgut, fat body (FB), and HCs. dsRNA-mediated AMPs silencing suggests that mosquito tissues are able to manage an optimal expression of AMPs at the physiological level. We also examined the possible contribution of two important immune regulator genes relish (REL) and nitric oxide synthase, controlling AMPs expression in these tissues during local or systemic infections. We show that each tissue has a unique ability to respond to local/systemic challenges, but HCs are more specialized to recognize and discriminate-specific antigens than gut and FB. Our investigation also revealed that both REL and NO participate in the overall management of the interorgan immune responses, but at the same time each tissue also has its own ability to maintain the interorgan flow of signals. In our knowledge, this is the first large-scale study examining the interorgan immune relationship in the mosquito.