Diffusion of influenza viruses among migratory birds with a focus on the Southwest United States.
Diffusion of influenza viruses among migratory birds with a focus on the Southwest United States.
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流感病毒在候鸟中传播，重点是美国西南部。
DOI：
10.1016/j.meegid.2014.05.029
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
DeLiberto,ThomasJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Scotch,Matthew;Lam,TommyTsan-Yuk;Pabilonia,KristyL;Anderson,Theodore;Baroch,John;Kohler,Dennis;DeLiberto,ThomasJ
美国西南部，包括亚利桑那州和新墨西哥州，气候多样，是许多不同鸟类的家园。我们对2007-2009年20例流感标本的血凝素（HA）基因进行了测序。其中4人来自亚利桑那州，16人来自新墨西哥州。我们分析了这些序列并确定了以下HA亚型：H3、H4、H6、H8和H11。对于每种亚型，我们将我们的病毒序列与公共数据库中的病毒序列相结合，并推断出流感扩散的系统地理模型。统计系统地理学表明，禽流感病毒的整体进化扩散具有地理结构（p< 0.05）。此外，我们还发现，向西南部扩散的病毒通常来自附近的州，包括加州。对于H3、H4和H6，蝇道内基因流率显著高于蝇道间（p< 0.001）。H8、H11也存在上述差异，但差异无统计学意义（p= 0.132、p= 0.190）。从计算中排除任何一条飞行路线也产生了类似的结果，这表明这种对基因流动速率的屏障效应并不仅仅是由任何一条飞行路线产生的。我们还计算了州之间显著非零率的贝叶斯因子检验，并确定了飞行路线内部和跨飞行路线的显著路线。这种流感的跨航路传播可能是由于来自四个航路的鸟类在北部地区的繁殖地混合在一起，或者在加拿大或阿拉斯加的繁殖后集结在集散地，然后每年秋天向南移动。本研究提供了禽流感病毒在美国西南部进出的进化扩散的初步分析。然而，需要从该区域生成更多的序列，以确定宿主迁移和其他因素对流感扩散的作用。
The Southwest United States, including Arizona and New Mexico, has a diverse climate and is home to many different avian species. We sequenced the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of twenty influenza specimens for the years 2007–2009. This included four from Arizona, and sixteen from New Mexico. We analyzed the sequences and determined the following HA subtypes: H3, H4, H6, H8, and H11. For each subtype, we combined our virus sequences with those from a public database, and inferred phylogeographic models of influenza diffusion.Statistical phylogeography indicated that overall evolutionary diffusion of avian influenza viruses is geographically structured (p< 0.05). In addition, we found that diffusion to the Southwest was often from nearby states including California.For H3, H4 and H6, the intra-flyway gene flow rates were significantly (p< 0.001) higher than those of inter-flyway. Such rate difference was also observed in H8 and H11, yet, without statistical significance (p= 0.132,p= 0.190, respectively). Excluding any one flyway from the calculation generated similar results, suggesting that such barrier effect on gene flow rates is not exclusively produced by any single flyway.We also calculated the Bayes factor test for the significant non-zero rates between states and identified significant routes both within and across flyways. Such inter-flyway spread of influenza was probably the result of birds from four flyways co-mingling on breeding grounds in northern regions or marshaling on staging areas post breeding in Canada or Alaska, before moving south each fall.This study provides an initial analysis of evolutionary diffusion of avian influenza virus to and from the Southwest United States. However, more sequences from this region need to be generated to determine the role of host migration and other factors on influenza diffusion.