Life or death: disease-tolerant coral species activate autophagy following immune challenge
Life or death: disease-tolerant coral species activate autophagy following immune challenge
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2017.0771
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发表时间：
2017-06-14
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Mydlarz, Laura D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fuess, Lauren E.;Pinzon, Jorge H. C.;Mydlarz, Laura D.
全球气候变化增加了影响物种的压力源的数量和严重程度，但并不是所有物种都对这些压力源做出同样的反应。生物体在应对应激事件时可能采用细胞机制，如细胞凋亡和自噬。这两条途径通常是相互排斥的，决定着一个细胞是适应还是死亡。为了检验细胞对应激反应的差异，我们比较了四种珊瑚物种与一系列疾病易感性的免疫反应。使用RNA-SEQ和新途径分析，我们能够识别这些物种对免疫刺激的反应差异。对疾病敏感的蜂蜜小球藻激活了与细胞凋亡相关的通路。相比之下，耐病物种Porites Porites和Porites astreoids激活了自噬途径。中度感病的植物假二齿假单胞菌激活了这些途径的混合物。这些发现得到了凋亡caspase蛋白检测的证实，这表明在敏感物种中，免疫刺激后caspase活性增加。我们的结果表明，在对免疫应激的反应中，耐病物种激活了自噬等细胞适应机制，而敏感物种则启动了细胞死亡途径。因此，这些细胞维持途径的差异可能会影响机体的应激反应。对这些途径的进一步研究将增加对不同应激反应和物种在不断变化的环境中生存的理解。
Global climate change has increased the number and severity of stressors affecting species, yet not all species respond equally to these stressors. Organisms may employ cellular mechanisms such as apoptosis and autophagy in responding to stressful events. These two pathways are often mutually exclusive, dictating whether a cell adapts or dies. In order to examine differences in cellular response to stress, we compared the immune response of four coral species with a range of disease susceptibility. Using RNA-seq and novel pathway analysis, we were able to identify differences in response to immune stimulation between these species. Disease-susceptible species Orbicella faveolata activated pathways associated with apoptosis. By contrast, disease-tolerant species Porites porites and Porites astreoides activated autophagic pathways. Moderately susceptible species Pseudodiploria strigosa activated a mixture of these pathways. These findings were corroborated by apoptotic caspase protein assays, which indicated increased caspase activity following immune stimulation in susceptible species. Our results indicate that in response to immune stress, disease-tolerant species activate cellular adaptive mechanisms such as autophagy, while susceptible species turn on cell death pathways. Differences in these cellular maintenance pathways may therefore influence the organismal stress response. Further study of these pathways will increase understanding of differential stress response and species survival in the face of changing environments.