A General Equilibrium Model of Australia's Premier City
A General Equilibrium Model of Australia's Premier City
复制标题
澳大利亚主要城市的一般均衡模型
DOI：
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发表时间：
1999
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Horridge
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Horridge
澳大利亚城市遭受城市扩张，导致平均通勤距离长，城市交通能源消耗高。为了研究这个问题，我们定义并构建了一个中等规模的一般均衡模型，澳大利亚的第二大城市，墨尔本。个体被模拟为效用最大化者，他们面临着离散的选择。我们遵循logit方法，其中个人追求选项的概率（例如，居住在A区的高密度住房中，而在B区工作）与该选项产生的效用成比例，考虑到选项的成本以及该成本对给定创收机会可获得的总效用的影响。城市的空间布局，通过从一个地区到另一个地区的交通成本，影响土地租金，工业活动，住房位置和密度的模式。与其他一般均衡模型一样，市场出清和会计等式允许在一个综合框架内呈现城市的整个经济。其结果是一个相当普遍的城市土地使用和交通需求的经济模型。我们用它来分析人口增长和政策措施对交通使用的影响。
Australian cities suffer from urban sprawl, leading to long average commute distances and high energy use by urban transport. To investigate this problem, we define and construct a medium-sized general equilibrium model of Australia's second-largest city, Melbourne. Individuals are modelled as utility maximisers who face a discrete number of choices. We follow the logit approach, where the probability of an individual pursuing an option (for example, living in high-density housing in zone A while working in zone B) is proportional to the utility derived from that option, taking into account the cost of the option and the effect of this cost on the total utility obtainable with given income-producing opportunities. The spatial layout of the city, through the cost of travel from one zone to another, influences the pattern of land rents, industrial activity, and housing location and density. As in other general equilibrium models, market-clearing and accounting equations allow the whole economy of the city to be presented within an integrated framework. The result is a fairly general economic model of urban land use and travel demands. We use it to analyse the effects of population growth and policy initiatives on transport usage.