Use of Force Preferences and Perceived Effectiveness of Actions Among Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) Police Officers and Non-CIT Officers in an Escalating Psychiatric Crisis Involving a Subject With Schizophrenia
Use of Force Preferences and Perceived Effectiveness of Actions Among Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) Police Officers and Non-CIT Officers in an Escalating Psychiatric Crisis Involving a Subject With Schizophrenia
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DOI：
10.1093/schbul/sbp146
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发表时间：
2011-07-01
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Oliva, Janet R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Compton, Michael T.;Neubert, Berivan N. Demir;Oliva, Janet R.
背景：尽管心理健康和执法部门之间的危机干预小组 (CIT) 伙伴关系模式广泛传播，旨在减少使用武力并增强警察和患有精神疾病的个人的安全，但很少有研究调查警察对精神分裂症患者使用武力的情况。这项研究测试了以下假设：与未接受过 CIT 培训的警官相比，接受过 CIT 培训的警官会选择较低水平的武力，认为非身体行为更有效，并且认为在不断升级的精神危机中体力行为的效果较差。方法：警官 (n = 135)-48 名接受过 CIT 培训的警官和 87 名未接受过 CIT 培训的警官完成了一项调查，其中包含 3 个基于场景的小插图，描述了涉及精神病受试者的不断升级的情况。使用重复测量方差分析来分析数据。结果：官员们在不同场景中升级了他们的首选行动。群体互动的一个重要场景表明，与未接受过 CIT 培训的军官相比，接受过 CIT 培训的军官选择较少的升级（即在第三种情况下选择较少的武力）。官员们报告说，在这 3 种情况下，非身体行动的感知有效性不断下降。群体互动的一个重要场景表明，接受过 CIT 培训的警官报告称，在第三种场景中，非身体行动的感知有效性下降幅度较小。接受过 CIT 培训的军官一致认为武力的有效性较低。结论：需要努力减少对精神障碍患者使用武力。这些发现表明 CIT 可能是一种有效的方法。除了临床和规划意义外，这些发现还证明了临床医生、倡导者和精神分裂症研究人员通过与不同社会部门的伙伴关系在促进社会正义方面的作用。
Background: Few studies have examined police officers' use of force toward individuals with schizophrenia, despite the widely disseminated Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) model of partnership between mental health and law enforcement that seeks to reduce use of force and enhance safety of officers and individuals with mental illnesses. This study tested the hypotheses that CIT-trained officers would select a lower level of force, identify nonphysical actions as more effective, and perceive physical force as less effective in an escalating psychiatric crisis, compared with non CIT-trained officers. Methods: Police officers (n = 135)-48 CIT trained and 87 non CIT trained completed a survey containing 3 scenario-based vignettes depicting an escalating situation involving a subject with psychosis. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures analyses of variance. Results: Officers escalated their preferred actions across the scenarios. A significant scenario by group interaction indicated that CIT-trained officers chose less escalation (ie, opting for less force at the third scenario) than non CIT-trained officers. Officers reported decreasing perceived effectiveness of nonphysical action across the 3 scenarios. A significant scenario by group interaction indicated that CIT-trained officers reported a lesser decline in perceived effectiveness of nonphysical actions at the third scenario. CIT-trained officers consistently endorsed lower perceived effectiveness of physical force. Conclusions: Efforts are needed to reduce use of force toward individuals with psychotic disorders. These findings suggest that CIT may be an effective approach. In addition to clinical and programmatic implications, such findings demonstrate a role for clinicians, advocates, and schizophrenia researchers in promoting social justice through partnerships with diverse social sectors.