Recent progress on acyl CoA: lysophospholipid acyltransferase research
Recent progress on acyl CoA: lysophospholipid acyltransferase research
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DOI：
10.1194/jlr.r800035-jlr200
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发表时间：
2009-04-01
影响因子：
6.5
通讯作者：
Shimizu, Takao
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shindou, Hideo;Hishikawa, Daisuke;Shimizu, Takao
所有生物体的细胞都被含有双极脂质、胆固醇和蛋白质的质膜所包围。细胞膜含有几类甘油磷脂，其在细胞中具有许多结构和功能作用。包括花生四烯酸和二十碳五烯酸的多不饱和脂肪酸通常以不对称方式位于甘油磷脂的sn-2位，而不是sn-1位。甘油磷脂首先通过从头途径（Kennedy途径）使用酰基-CoA作为供体形成。随后，在重塑途径（Lands循环）中，甘油磷脂的脱酰化和再酰化的循环改变脂肪酸组成以产生具有不对称性和多样性的成熟膜。这两种途径都是在20世纪50年代提出的。虽然参与肯尼迪途径的酶已被很好地表征，但对参与Lands循环的酶知之甚少。最近，包括我们在内的几个实验室已经从1-酰基甘油-3-磷酸O-酰基转移酶（AGPAT）家族和膜结合O-酰基转移酶（MBOAT）家族中鉴定出在Lands循环中起作用的酶。这些发现促使了一个强大的激增的研究在这一领域。jlr在这篇综述中，我们专注于溶血磷脂酰基转移酶（LPLATs），这有助于膜的不对称性和多样性的克隆和表征。Shindou，H.，D. Hishikawa，T. Harayama，K. Yuki和T.清水酰基辅酶A：溶血磷脂酰基转移酶研究进展。J. Lipid Res. 2009. S46-S51。
Cells of all organisms are enclosed by a plasma membrane containing bipolar lipids, cholesterol, and proteins. Cellular membranes contain several classes of glycerophospholipids, which have numerous structural and functional roles in cells. Polyunsaturated fatty acids including arachidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid are usually located at the sn-2 position, but not the sn-1 position, of glycerophospholipids in an asymmetrical manner. Glycerophospholipids are first formed by the de novo pathway (Kennedy pathway) using acyl-CoAs as donors. Subsequently, in the remodeling pathway (Lands' cycle), cycles of deacylation and reacylation of glycerophospholipids modify the fatty acid composition to generate mature membrane with asymmetry and diversity. Both pathways were proposed in the 1950s. Whereas the enzymes involved in the Kennedy pathway have been well characterized, little is known about the enzymes involved in the Lands' cycle. Recently, several laboratories, including ours, have identified enzymes working in the Lands' cycle from the 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase (AGPAT) family, and also from the membrane bound O-acyltransferases (MBOAT) family. These discoveries have prompted a robust surge of research in this field.jlr In this review, we focus on the cloning and characterization of lysophospholipid acyltransferases (LPLATs), which contribute to membrane asymmetry and diversity.-Shindou, H., D. Hishikawa, T. Harayama, K. Yuki, and T. Shimizu. Recent progress on acyl CoA: lysophospholipid acyltransferase research. J. Lipid Res. 2009. S46-S51.