The Role of Tumor Microenvironment Cells in Colorectal Cancer (CRC) Cachexia.
The Role of Tumor Microenvironment Cells in Colorectal Cancer (CRC) Cachexia.
复制标题
肿瘤微环境细胞在大肠癌（CRC）恶病质中的作用。
DOI：
10.3390/ijms22041565
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发表时间：
2021-02-04
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Kasprzak A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kasprzak A
癌症恶病质(CC)是晚期癌症患者的一种多因素综合征，其特征是通过骨骼肌和脂肪组织萎缩、分解代谢活动和全身炎症而导致体重减轻。CC与功能障碍、治疗反应性降低和预后不良相关，是癌症患者死亡的主要原因。在结直肠癌(CRC)中，恶病质影响了大约50%-61%的患者，但仍然被忽视、未被研究和治愈。CC的发病机制尚不完全清楚，但至少部分与肿瘤的局部和全身免疫反应有关。越来越多的证据表明，肿瘤微环境(TME)细胞(如巨噬细胞、中性粒细胞和成纤维细胞)通过产生多种恶病质因子，在癌症进展和肿瘤诱导的恶病质中发挥重要作用。在结直肠癌相关性恶病质中，最重要的作用是由促炎细胞因子发挥作用，包括肿瘤坏死因子α(肿瘤坏死因子α)，最初被称为恶病质，白介素1，白介素6，和某些趋化因子(如白介素8)。异质结直肠癌细胞本身也会产生大量的细胞因子(包括趋化因子)，以及被称为“恶病质因子”的新因子。肿瘤微环境(TME)导致全身炎症、氧化应激和纤维化增加。本文综述了TME细胞成分在结直肠癌相关性恶病质中的作用，并讨论了结直肠癌细胞分泌的特定介质与肿瘤微环境中的肿瘤相关免疫细胞和非免疫细胞在诱发或增强癌性恶病质中的潜在作用。这一知识有助于理解这一过程的机制，并防止其后果。
Cancer cachexia (CC) is a multifactorial syndrome in patients with advanced cancer characterized by weight loss via skeletal-muscle and adipose-tissue atrophy, catabolic activity, and systemic inflammation. CC is correlated with functional impairment, reduced therapeutic responsiveness, and poor prognosis, and is a major cause of death in cancer patients. In colorectal cancer (CRC), cachexia affects around 50–61% of patients, but remains overlooked, understudied, and uncured. The mechanisms driving CC are not fully understood but are related, at least in part, to the local and systemic immune response to the tumor. Accumulating evidence demonstrates a significant role of tumor microenvironment (TME) cells (e.g., macrophages, neutrophils, and fibroblasts) in both cancer progression and tumor-induced cachexia, through the production of multiple procachectic factors. The most important role in CRC-associated cachexia is played by pro-inflammatory cytokines, including the tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), originally known as cachectin, Interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and certain chemokines (e.g., IL-8). Heterogeneous CRC cells themselves also produce numerous cytokines (including chemokines), as well as novel factors called “cachexokines”. The tumor microenvironment (TME) contributes to systemic inflammation and increased oxidative stress and fibrosis. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the role of TME cellular components in CRC-associated cachexia, as well as discusses the potential role of selected mediators secreted by colorectal cancer cells in cooperation with tumor-associated immune and non-immune cells of tumor microenvironment in inducing or potentiating cancer cachexia. This knowledge serves to aid the understanding of the mechanisms of this process, as well as prevent its consequences.
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Biasi F;Guina T;Maina M;Nano M;Falcone A;Aroasio E;Saracco GM;Papotti M;Leonarduzzi G;Poli G
通讯作者：
Poli G
影响因子：
15.9
作者：
Acharyya, S;Ladner, KJ;Guttridge, DC
通讯作者：
Guttridge, DC
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影响因子：
8.8
作者：
Cabal-Manzano，R;Bhargava，P;Wainer，IW
通讯作者：
Wainer，IW
影响因子：
5.6
作者：
Chang ML;Yang Z;Yang SS
通讯作者：
Yang SS
影响因子：
8.9
作者：
Chiappalupi, Sara;Sorci, Guglielmo;Riuzzi, Francesca
通讯作者：
Riuzzi, Francesca