Managing Risk of Supply Disruptions: Incentives for Capacity Restoration
Managing Risk of Supply Disruptions: Incentives for Capacity Restoration
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1937-5956.2012.01342.x
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发表时间：
2013-01-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Wang, Ling
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hu, Xinxin;Gurnani, Haresh;Wang, Ling
面对中断的前景，供应商必须决定是否投资恢复能力。有了恢复能力，如果发生中断，就可以付出额外的代价来重建能力，尽管其结果是不确定的。我们研究了如何一个公司（买方）可以使用激励机制来激励供应商的投资能力恢复，并比较这种方法与传统的方法多样化的一部分，为了一个昂贵的，但可靠的供应商。在恢复增强（RE）策略下，买方使用价格和/或订单数量激励来鼓励供应商的恢复投资决策。两种不同的情况下被认为是当激励承诺事前（中断之前），当它是承诺事后（中断之后）。相比之下，在供应商多元化（SD）策略下，买方将订单分配给可靠的供应商和不可靠的供应商，以对冲中断风险。在这里，买方不向不可靠的供应商提供任何单独的激励。我们的分析表明，在可再生能源战略下，买方提供激励，买方和供应商（弱）更喜欢事前承诺的事后之一。此外，当不可靠的供应商的恢复结果更可预测或高恢复结果更有可能时，RE策略优于SD策略。然而，随着市场需求的增加，买家对SD策略的偏好也会增加。
A supplier facing the prospect of disruption has to decide whether or not to invest in restoration capability. With restoration capability, if disruption occurs, additional costly effort can be exerted to rebuild capacity, although its outcome is uncertain. We study how a firm (buyer) can use incentive mechanisms to motivate a supplier's investment in capacity restoration, and compare this approach with the traditional approach of diversifying part of the order to an expensive but reliable supplier. Under a Restoration Enhancement (RE) strategy, the buyer uses price and/or order quantity incentives to encourage the supplier's restoration investment decision. Two different cases are considered when the incentive is committed to ex ante (prior to disruption) and when it is committed to ex post (after disruption). In contrast, under a Supplier Diversification (SD) strategy, the buyer splits orders between a reliable supplier and an unreliable supplier to hedge against the disruption risk. Here, the buyer does not provide any separate incentive to the unreliable supplier. Our analysis indicates that under the RE strategy, where the buyer offers incentives, both the buyer and the supplier (weakly) prefer the ex ante commitment over the ex post one. Furthermore, the RE strategy is preferred over the SD strategy when the unreliable supplier's restoration outcome is more predictable or when a high restoration outcome is more likely. However, the buyer's preference for the SD strategy increases as market demand increases.