Horizontal transmission of a murine retrovirus is driven by males within semi-natural enclosures
Horizontal transmission of a murine retrovirus is driven by males within semi-natural enclosures
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DOI：
10.1111/1365-2435.13766
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发表时间：
2021-02-07
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Potts, Wayne K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cornwall, Douglas H.;Ruff, James S.;Potts, Wayne K.
1. 传播是病原体生活史的关键组成部分，但通常很难获得对主要传播模式以及性别等宿主特征如何影响传播动态的可靠生态估计。2．在这里，我们开发了一个强大的系统，将家鼠小家鼠的半自然群体与现代分子病毒滴度方法结合使用，以评估朋友病毒复合体（FVC）的传播动力学。3。半自然群体是由雌性和雄性小鼠建立的，这些小鼠要么是“索引”（最初通过腹膜内注射感染）要么是“接触”（在实验开始时未感染）。实施了三种实验群体设计：仅女性指数、仅男性指数和女性和男性指数。 4．利用这些围栏，我们发现男性-男性传播是主要的传播方式，女性水平传播率较低，没有垂直传播的证据。此外，被感染的男性接触者的滴度高于女性，同时脾脏肿大程度相似。再加上男性滴度和脾脏大小之间存在很强的相关性，而女性则没有相关性，这表明 FVC 病毒动力学在性别之间存在差异。5。最后，自然传播可能会阻碍 FVC 复制，因为受感染的接触动物的病毒滴度低于指示动物。这些结果阐明了鼠白血病病毒复杂的生活史，并证明了宿主性别对病原体传播动态的重要作用。
1. Transmission is a key component of a pathogen's life history, but it is often difficult to obtain reliable ecological estimates of the dominant mode(s) of transmission and how host traits, such as sex, influence transmission dynamics.2. Here, we have developed a robust system pairing the use of semi-natural populations of house mice Mus musculus with modern molecular viral titering approaches to evaluate the transmission dynamics of Friend Virus Complex (FVC).3. Semi-natural populations were founded with female and male mice that were either 'index' (initially infected via intraperitoneal injection) or 'contact' (uninfected at the start of experiment). Three experimental population designs were implemented: female index only, male index only and both female and male index.4. Utilizing these enclosures, we found male-male transmission to be the predominant mode of transmission, with low rates of horizontal female transmission and no evidence of vertical transmission. Additionally, contact males that became infected harbour higher titres than females while suffering a similar amount of spleen enlargement; this, paired with a strong correlation between titre and spleen size in males, and no correlation in females, indicates FVC viral dynamics differ between the sexes.5. Lastly, natural transmission may be an impediment to FVC replication as infected contact animals have a lower viral titre than index animals. These results illuminate the complex life history of murine leukaemia viruses and demonstrate the important role of host sex on pathogen transmission dynamics.