Update on falls prevention for community-dwelling older adults: Review of single and multifactorial intervention programs
Update on falls prevention for community-dwelling older adults: Review of single and multifactorial intervention programs
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DOI：
10.1682/jrrd.2007.10.0169
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Edelstein, Joan E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Costello, Ellen;Edelstein, Joan E.
随着人口老龄化的增加，福尔斯的发生率、跌倒相关损伤和跌倒相关费用继续沿着上升。以社区为基础的老年人跌倒预防计划正在激增，试图解决这一健康问题。预防方案的范围各不相同，从单一的干预战略到综合的多因素方法。计划已提供给有高风险的老年人群体和非选择群体的社区居住的老年人福尔斯。本文介绍了一个随机对照试验的审查，调查跌倒预防计划的有效性，为社区居住的老年人。在对文献进行全面的批判性分析后，我们提出了以下指导原则：（1）多因素跌倒预防计划似乎对有跌倒史的老年人比非选择组更有效;（2）在福尔斯筛查检查中应包括药物治疗和视力评估以及适当的保健医生转诊;（3）单独锻炼可有效减少福尔斯跌倒，应包括一个综合计划，结合肌肉强化、平衡和/或耐力训练，至少12周;和（4）家庭危险评估与修改可能有利于减少福尔斯，特别是在目标群体的个人。
The incidence of falls, fall-related injuries, and fall-associated costs continue to rise along with the increase in the aging population. Community-based fall prevention programs for the elderly are proliferating in an attempt to address this health problem. Prevention programs vary widely in their scope, ranging from single intervention strategies to comprehensive multifactorial approaches. Programs have been offered to targeted groups of elderly individuals at high risk for falls and to nonselect groups of community-dwelling elderly adults. This article presents a review of randomized controlled trials that investigated the effectiveness of fall prevention programs for community-dwelling older adults. Following a comprehensive critical analysis of the literature, we present the following guidelines: (1) multifactorial fall prevention programs appear to be more effective for older individuals with a previous fall history versus a nonselect group; (2) medication and vision assessment with appropriate health practitioner referral should be included in a falls screening examination; (3) exercise alone is effective in reducing falls and should include a comprehensive program combining muscle strengthening, balance, and/or endurance training for a minimum of 12 weeks; and (4) home hazard assessment with modifications may be beneficial in reducing falls, especially in a targeted group of individuals.