Towards safe drinking water and clean cooking for all
Towards safe drinking water and clean cooking for all
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DOI：
10.1016/s2214-109x(20)30476-9
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发表时间：
2021-02-16
影响因子：
34.3
通讯作者：
Smith, Kirk R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ray, Isha;Smith, Kirk R.
几十年来，公共卫生界一直试图通过循证研究表明，在低收入和中等收入国家，安全饮用水、环境卫生和个人卫生（WASH）以及减少家庭空气污染的清洁烹饪燃料对于保障健康和挽救生命至关重要。在过去40年中，在开发低成本和有效的WASH和家庭空气污染技术方面进行了许多创新，但其中许多技术的健康结果令人失望，这往往是因为低收入家庭没有采用这些技术，或者没有一贯采用这些技术。在这一观点中，我们认为公共卫生研究人员（包括我们自己）对贫困的理解过于简单化；我们的工作重点并不是深入了解贫困的生活经历，以及贫困的不确定性、持续匮乏带来的压力和随之而来的恐惧。这些洞见对于理解为何如此多的家庭没有使用安全饮用水或清洁烹饪技术至关重要，而这些技术本可以从中受益。我们认为，在人人享有安全饮用水和清洁烹饪方面的变革性投资，需要的不是家庭规模交付模式的改进版本，而是公用事业规模的服务模式。在此之前，研究应侧重于针对公用事业规模服务模式的临时安全用水和清洁烹饪选择。
The public health community has tried for decades to show, through evidence-based research, that safe water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) and clean cooking fuels that reduce household air pollution are essential to safeguard health and save lives in low-income and middle-income countries. In the past 40 decades, there have been many innovations in the development of low-cost and efficacious technologies for WASH and household air pollution, but many of these technologies have been associated with disappointing health outcomes, often because low-income households have either not adopted, or inconsistently adopted, these technologies. In this Viewpoint, we argue that public health researchers (ourselves included) have had an oversimplified understanding of poverty; our work has not focused on insights into the lived experience of poverty, with its uncertainties, stresses from constant scarcity, and attendant fears. Such insights are central to understanding why technologies for safe water or clean cooking are unused by so many households that could benefit from them. We argue that, rather than improved versions of household-scale delivery models, transformative investments in safe water and clean cooking for all require utilityscale service models. Until then, research should focus on interim safe water and clean cooking options that are directed towards the utility-scale service model.