Microfossil-determined provenance of clay building materials at Burrough Hill Iron Age hill fort, Leicestershire, England

Microfossil-determined provenance of clay building materials at Burrough Hill Iron Age hill fort, Leicestershire, England
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英国莱斯特郡巴勒山铁器时代山堡的粘土建筑材料的微化石确定来源

DOI:
10.1016/j.jas.2014.03.028
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发表时间:
2015
影响因子:
2.8
通讯作者:
Williams M
Williams M
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Williams M

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位于英格兰东部莱斯特郡伯罗山的铁器时代山堡,位于中生代沉积岩的低地景观中,由带有薄石灰岩单元的泥岩、砂岩和铁岩组成,直到现在都被更新世所覆盖。在铁器时代晚期,山堡是一个重要的中心位置;永久占领可能从铁器时代早期开始,一直持续到罗马时期。在该遗址的考古背景下,发现了各种材料,包括粘土堡垒粘结和储藏坑和地板的粘土衬里,产生了早侏罗世到晚侏罗世介形类和有孔虫的混合微化石组合,以及晚白垩世的有孔虫。这些提供了一个独特的微化石特征,表明了来自当地收割机的来源。在伯罗山的中晚期铁器时代陶片中也可以发现微体化石,这些也表明粘土来自当地的冰川。我们的分析证明了微化石在铁器时代遗址用于建筑和制造的粘土材料来源方面的力量,在那里对当地地质的详细基线了解已经牢固确立。
The Iron Age hill fort at Burrough Hill, Leicestershire, eastern England, lies in a lowland landscape of Mesozoic sedimentary rocks comprising mudstones with thin limestone units, sandstones and ironstones, which are blanketed by Pleistocene till. During the late Iron Age the hill fort was an important central place; permanent occupation probably began in Early–Middle Iron Age and continued into the Roman period. A variety of materials in archaeological contexts from the site, including clay rampart bonding and the clay linings of storage pits and floors, are found to yield characteristically mixed microfossil assemblages of Early to Late Jurassic ostracods and foraminifera, together with foraminifera from the Late Cretaceous. These provide a unique microfossil signature that indicate provenance from the local till. Microfossils can also be recovered from Middle to Late Iron Age potsherds at Burrough Hill, and these too suggest a local glacial source for the clay. Our analysis demonstrates the power of microfossils to provenance clay materials used for construction and manufactures at an Iron Age site, where a detailed baseline understanding of the local geology is firmly established.
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