Deposition of inhaled nanoparticles in the rat nasal passages: Dose to the olfactory region
Deposition of inhaled nanoparticles in the rat nasal passages: Dose to the olfactory region
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DOI：
10.3109/08958370902882713
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发表时间：
2009-12-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Kimbell, Julia S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Garcia, Guilherme J. M.;Kimbell, Julia S.
体内实验表明，沉积在大鼠嗅觉区域的纳米颗粒可以通过嗅神经转移到大脑。需要对吸入到嗅觉区域的剂量进行定量预测，以澄清这一暴露途径，并评估暴露于有毒纳米颗粒的剂量-反应效应。以前的体内和体外研究量化了沉积在大鼠鼻道中的吸入纳米颗粒的百分比，但没有确定嗅觉剂量。特定鼻腔上皮类型的剂量预计会随着吸入率和颗粒大小的不同而变化。因此，这项研究的目的是估计纳米颗粒在大鼠鼻部，更具体地说，是嗅觉区域的沉积。采用三维、解剖精确的计算流体力学(CFD)大鼠鼻道模型来模拟吸入气流并计算鼻腔沉积效率。模拟了从1到100 nm的颗粒尺寸和288、432和576ml/min的空气流速(估计的静止分钟体积的1、1.5和2倍)。模拟预测，对于3到4 nm的颗粒，嗅觉沉积在吸入材料的6-9%时最大。预计沉积颗粒的空间分布随着颗粒大小的变化而发生显著变化，3 nm颗粒主要沉积在前鼻腔，而30 nm颗粒在鼻腔内分布更均匀。
In vivo experiments have shown that nanoparticles depositing in the rat olfactory region can translocate to the brain via the olfactory nerve. Quantitative predictions of the dose delivered by inhalation to the olfactory region are needed to clarify this route of exposure and to evaluate the dose-response effects of exposure to toxic nanoparticles. Previous in vivo and in vitro studies quantified the percentage of inhaled nanoparticles that deposit in the rat nasal passages, but olfactory dose was not determined. The dose to specific nasal epithelium types is expected to vary with inhalation rate and particle size. The purpose of this investigation, therefore, was to develop estimates of nanoparticle deposition in the nasal and, more specifically, olfactory regions of the rat. A three-dimensional, anatomically accurate, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of the rat nasal passages was employed to simulate inhaled airflow and to calculate nasal deposition efficiency. Particle sizes from 1 to 100 nm and airflow rates of 288, 432, and 576 ml/min (1, 1.5, and 2 times the estimated resting minute volume) were simulated. The simulations predicted that olfactory deposition is maximum at 6-9% of inhaled material for 3- to 4-nm particles. The spatial distribution of deposited particles was predicted to change significantly with particle size, with 3-nm particles depositing mostly in the anterior nose, while 30-nm particles were more uniformly distributed throughout the nasal passages.