Old Maids: Aging and Its Impact on Microglia Function.
Old Maids: Aging and Its Impact on Microglia Function.
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DOI：
10.3390/ijms18040769
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发表时间：
2017-04-05
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Ritzel RM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Koellhoffer EC;McCullough LD;Ritzel RM
小胶质细胞是中枢神经系统的高度活跃和警惕的管家，其功能是促进神经元的生长和活动。然而，随着年龄的增长，炎症信号的失调和吞噬功能的缺陷阻碍了他们执行最基本的自我平衡功能的能力，包括免疫监视和碎片清除。小胶质细胞的激活是大脑老化的标志之一，与年龄相关的神经变性和认知能力下降不谋而合。与年龄相关的小胶质细胞功能障碍可导致细胞衰老，并可深刻改变对无菌损伤和免疫疾病的反应，通常导致适应不良反应、慢性炎症和损伤后恶化的预后。我们对小胶质细胞老化和调节年龄相关小胶质细胞功能障碍的因素的了解仍然有限，因为大多数临床前研究是在年轻动物身上进行的，而且人脑样本很难在死后快速或大量获得。这篇综述概述了正常衰老对小胶质细胞功能的影响，强调了与年龄相关的小胶质细胞变化的潜在机制，并讨论了衰老如何影响损伤后的恢复过程。
Microglia are highly active and vigilant housekeepers of the central nervous system that function to promote neuronal growth and activity. With advanced age, however, dysregulated inflammatory signaling and defects in phagocytosis impede their ability to perform the most essential of homeostatic functions, including immune surveillance and debris clearance. Microglial activation is one of the hallmarks of the aging brain and coincides with age-related neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. Age-associated microglial dysfunction leads to cellular senescence and can profoundly alter the response to sterile injuries and immune diseases, often resulting in maladaptive responses, chronic inflammation, and worsened outcomes after injury. Our knowledge of microglia aging and the factors that regulate age-related microglial dysfunction remain limited, as the majority of pre-clinical studies are performed in young animals, and human brain samples are difficult to obtain quickly post-mortem or in large numbers. This review outlines the impact of normal aging on microglial function, highlights the potential mechanisms underlying age-related changes in microglia, and discusses how aging can shape the recovery process following injury.