Intrinsically Photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cells of the Human Retina.
Intrinsically Photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cells of the Human Retina.
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DOI：
10.3389/fneur.2021.636330
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Mure LS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mure LS
光深刻地影响着我们的身心健康。特别地，当没有在适当的时间递送光时，光可能具有不利的影响。在哺乳动物中，光不仅被视杆细胞和视锥细胞感知，而且还被表达使它们具有内在光敏性的色素黑视蛋白（ipRGC）的视网膜神经节细胞的子集感知。ipRGC参与对比度检测并在非成像视觉中起关键作用，非成像视觉是一组光响应，包括昼夜节律诱导、瞳孔光反射（PLR）以及睡眠/警觉和情绪的调节。ipRGC也存在于人视网膜中，并且它们对光的响应已经通过抑制夜间褪黑激素和PLR间接表征。然而，直到最近，人类ipRGC很少被直接研究。在过去的几年里，越来越多的研究提供了它们的形态，对光的反应和基因表达的描述，这一空白正在逐步填补。在这里，我回顾了我们对人类ipRGC的认识，特别是迄今为止所描述的不同形态和功能亚型以及它们如何与小鼠亚型相匹配。我还强调了仍有待解决的问题。研究ipRGC至关重要，因为这几个细胞在我们的健康中起着重要作用。此外，由于与传统RGC相比，ipRGC对某些疾病表现出更高的脆弱性或弹性，因此对其功能的更深入了解可以帮助确定治疗方法或开发诊断工具。总的来说，更好地了解人眼如何感知光线将有助于提供精确的光线使用建议，并实施基于光线的治疗干预措施，以改善认知能力，情绪和生活质量。
Light profoundly affects our mental and physical health. In particular, light, when not delivered at the appropriate time, may have detrimental effects. In mammals, light is perceived not only by rods and cones but also by a subset of retinal ganglion cells that express the photopigment melanopsin that renders them intrinsically photosensitive (ipRGCs). ipRGCs participate in contrast detection and play critical roles in non-image-forming vision, a set of light responses that include circadian entrainment, pupillary light reflex (PLR), and the modulation of sleep/alertness, and mood. ipRGCs are also found in the human retina, and their response to light has been characterized indirectly through the suppression of nocturnal melatonin and PLR. However, until recently, human ipRGCs had rarely been investigated directly. This gap is progressively being filled as, over the last years, an increasing number of studies provided descriptions of their morphology, responses to light, and gene expression. Here, I review the progress in our knowledge of human ipRGCs, in particular, the different morphological and functional subtypes described so far and how they match the murine subtypes. I also highlight questions that remain to be addressed. Investigating ipRGCs is critical as these few cells play a major role in our well-being. Additionally, as ipRGCs display increased vulnerability or resilience to certain disorders compared to conventional RGCs, a deeper knowledge of their function could help identify therapeutic approaches or develop diagnostic tools. Overall, a better understanding of how light is perceived by the human eye will help deliver precise light usage recommendations and implement light-based therapeutic interventions to improve cognitive performance, mood, and life quality.
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影响因子：
9.8
作者：
Brown TM;Gias C;Hatori M;Keding SR;Semo M;Coffey PJ;Gigg J;Piggins HD;Panda S;Lucas RJ
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影响因子：
64.5
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通讯作者：
Roska B
影响因子：
11
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
Wirz-Justice, A