A pancreatic exocrine-like cell regulatory circuit operating in the upper stomach of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus larva.
A pancreatic exocrine-like cell regulatory circuit operating in the upper stomach of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus larva.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12862-016-0686-0
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发表时间：
2016-05-26
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Arnone MI
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Perillo M;Wang YJ;Leach SD;Arnone MI
消化细胞存在于所有后生动物中，并为整个生物体提供所需的能量。胰腺外分泌细胞是一种独特的脊椎动物细胞类型，参与多种营养物质的细胞外消化。虽然这种细胞类型的组织和调节在脊椎动物中被深入研究，但其进化历史仍然未知。为了了解哪些是定义胰腺外分泌表型的元素，我们分析了基因的表达，有助于规范和功能的这种细胞类型的早期分支后口，海胆Strongylocentrotus purpuratus。我们定义了胰腺外分泌基因的海胆直系同源物的空间和时间表达，并描述了一个独特的细胞群聚集在海胆胚胎的胃上部，外分泌标记物共表达。我们使用了扰动分析，药物和喂养实验的组合，发现在这些细胞的海胆胚胎基因表达和基因调控的相互作用类似于真正的胰腺外分泌细胞。我们表明，海胆Ptf 1a，胰腺外分泌细胞中消化酶的关键转录激活因子，可以替代其脊椎动物直系同源物激活下游基因。总的来说，我们的研究是第一个显示与分子工具，定义功能的脊椎动物细胞类型，胰腺外分泌细胞，是共享的非脊椎动物后口。我们的研究结果表明，脊椎动物胰腺的功能细胞类型单位可能在进化上早于胰腺作为一个独立器官的出现。从进化的角度来看，这些结果鼓励进一步探索其他脊椎动物细胞类型的同源物在传统的或新兴的后口系统。本文的在线版本（doi：10.1186/s12862-016-0686-0）包含补充材料，可供授权用户使用。
Digestive cells are present in all metazoans and provide the energy necessary for the whole organism. Pancreatic exocrine cells are a unique vertebrate cell type involved in extracellular digestion of a wide range of nutrients. Although the organization and regulation of this cell type is intensively studied in vertebrates, its evolutionary history is still unknown. In order to understand which are the elements that define the pancreatic exocrine phenotype, we have analyzed the expression of genes that contribute to specification and function of this cell-type in an early branching deuterostome, the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. We defined the spatial and temporal expression of sea urchin orthologs of pancreatic exocrine genes and described a unique population of cells clustered in the upper stomach of the sea urchin embryo where exocrine markers are co-expressed. We used a combination of perturbation analysis, drug and feeding experiments and found that in these cells of the sea urchin embryo gene expression and gene regulatory interactions resemble that of bona fide pancreatic exocrine cells. We show that the sea urchin Ptf1a, a key transcriptional activator of digestive enzymes in pancreatic exocrine cells, can substitute for its vertebrate ortholog in activating downstream genes. Collectively, our study is the first to show with molecular tools that defining features of a vertebrate cell-type, the pancreatic exocrine cell, are shared by a non-vertebrate deuterostome. Our results indicate that the functional cell-type unit of the vertebrate pancreas may evolutionarily predate the emergence of the pancreas as a discrete organ. From an evolutionary perspective, these results encourage to further explore the homologs of other vertebrate cell-types in traditional or newly emerging deuterostome systems. The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-016-0686-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.