12 Mating and Sporulation in Schizosaccharomyces pombe
12 Mating and Sporulation in Schizosaccharomyces pombe
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12 粟酒裂殖酵母的交配和孢子形成
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发表时间：
1997
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通讯作者：
Yoshinori Watanabe
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作者：
Masayuki Yamamoto;Y. Imai;Yoshinori Watanabe
分裂酵母Schizosaccharomyces pombe的单倍体细胞表现出h +（或P）和h -（或M）两种交配类型中的一种。同thallic菌株，用h90表示，在增殖过程中改变其交配类型（回顾，见Klar，这些卷），而异thallic菌株固定为h +或h−。S. pombe细胞在单倍体状态下最稳定，只要营养充足，基本上是无性的。它们只有在饥饿条件下才开始性发育。因此，与酿酒酵母不同，同系体S. pombe细胞在富培养基中保持单倍体生长，不进行接合。当缺乏营养物质，特别是氮时，单倍体细胞交配形成合子，然后进行减数分裂并产生单倍体孢子（合子子囊孢子）。如果在接合后立即转移到富培养基中，合子可以长成二倍体。然而，这些二倍体细胞在营养生长结束时进行减数分裂并形成孢子（合子子囊孢子）。在pombe中，葡萄糖的缺乏并不是交配和减数分裂的必要条件，但如果培养基中的葡萄糖浓度降低，这些事件会更有效地进行。氮饥饿诱导性发育所需基因的表达，从而导致交配信息素及其受体的产生增加。然后细胞能够识别由相反交配类型的细胞分泌的信息素，并且h +和h -细胞向对方伸长接合管。细胞成对地聚集在这些管的尖端，融合，然后……
I. INTRODUCTION Haploid cells of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe display one of the two mating types denoted as h + (or P) and h − (or M). Homothallic strains, denoted as h 90 , change their mating type during proliferation (for review, see Klar, these volumes), whereas heterothallic strains are fixed as either h + or h − . S. pombe cells are most stable in the haploid state and are essentially asexual as long as they are well fed. They initiate sexual development only under starvation conditions. Thus, unlike Saccharomyces cerevisiae , homothallic S. pombe cells keep growing as haploids and do not undergo conjugation in rich medium. When starved for nutrients, especially for nitrogen, haploid cells mate to form zygotes, which then undergo meiosis and generate haploid spores (zygotic ascospores). Zygotes can grow as diploids if they are transferred to rich medium immediately after conjugation. However, these diploid cells undergo meiosis and form spores (azygotic ascospores) at the end of vegetative growth. The absence of glucose is not mandatory for mating and meiosis in S. pombe , but these events proceed more efficiently if the concentration of glucose in the medium is lowered. Nitrogen starvation induces expression of genes essential for sexual development, which results in the enhanced production of mating pheromones and their receptors. Cells are then able to recognize the pheromone secreted by cells of the opposite mating type, and h + and h − cells elongate conjugation tubes toward each other. The cells agglutinate in pairs at the tips of these tubes, fuse, and then...