Molecular, ecological and evolutionary approaches to understanding Alternaria diseases of citrus
Molecular, ecological and evolutionary approaches to understanding Alternaria diseases of citrus
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1364-3703.2003.00189.x
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发表时间：
2003-11-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Timmer, LW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Akimitsu, KA;Peever, TL;Timmer, LW
链格孢菌可引起柑橘的4种不同病害：柑橘链格孢褐斑病、粗柠檬链格孢叶斑病、几种柑橘果实的链格孢黑腐病和墨西哥柠檬的曼查叶腐病。前三种疾病是由小孢子种互隔交链格孢菌引起的，只能通过致病性测试、毒素检测或遗传标记来区分病原体。曼陀罗是由形态截然不同的大孢子植物利米科拉引起的。这些病原菌与柑橘的相互作用在生物学、生态学、种群生物学、系统学、分子生物学和生物化学等方面都取得了实质性的进展。流行病学研究的重点是柑橘及其杂交种的褐斑病，并促进了一种疾病发展模式的发展，这种模式改善了控制，减少了杀菌剂的使用。柑橘不同生态位互作天牛种群遗传学、寄主专一性及生态学研究。揭示了在不同种类的柑橘上引起病害的病原菌的寄主特有形式，世界各地引起褐斑病的真菌的三个系统发育谱系的存在，以及密切相关的非致病菌株定植于健康的柑橘组织。寄主特异性毒素在柑橘链格孢病中的作用已被广泛研究了20多年，这些病原菌系统已成为寄主-病原菌相互作用的模式系统。最近的分子研究已经开始揭开毒素产生的遗传基础和宿主对毒素的敏感性，以及细胞外降解酶在疾病中的作用。
Alternaria fungi cause four different diseases of citrus: Alternaria brown spot of tangerines, Alternaria leaf spot of rough lemon, Alternaria black rot of several citrus fruits and Mancha foliar of Mexican lime. The first three diseases are caused by the small-spored species, Alternaria alternata and the causal agents can only be differentiated using pathogenicity tests, toxin assays or genetic markers. Mancha foliar is caused by the morphologically distinct, large-spored species A. limicola. Substantial progress has been made in understanding the biology, ecology, population biology, systematics, molecular biology and biochemistry of the interactions between these pathogens and citrus. Epidemiological studies have focused on brown spot of tangerines and their hybrids and have contributed to the development of a model of disease development which has improved control and reduced fungicide use. Studies of the population genetics, host specificity and ecology of A. alternata from different ecological niches on citrus. have revealed host specific forms of the pathogen which cause disease on different citrus species, the existence of three phylogenetic lineages of the fungus which cause brown spot world-wide, and closely related non-pathogenic isolates which colonize healthy citrus tissue. The role of host-specific toxins in Alternaria diseases of citrus has been extensively studied for over 20 years, and these pathosystems have become model systems for host-pathogen interactions. Recent molecular research has started to unravel the genetic basis of toxin production and the host susceptibility to toxin, and the role of extracellular, degradative enzymes in disease.