[Environmental approaches in the prevention of obesity in children and adolescents].
[Environmental approaches in the prevention of obesity in children and adolescents].
复制标题
[预防儿童和青少年肥胖的环境方法]。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Leitzmann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Loss;M. Leitzmann
本文旨在对如何创造预防儿童超重和肥胖的环境进行结构化回顾。它还描述了哪些机构和级别负责肥胖预防的环境（全球）方法，以及不同预防措施的过程和结果方面存在哪些证据。疾病预防的环境方法涉及日常生活的社会和技术物质条件，因为这些条件显着影响健康行为。人们认为，关注肥胖环境的策略对于预防儿童和青少年肥胖越来越重要。它们可以应用于不同层面（例如学校、社区）。这些干预措施应旨在改善健康食品和体育活动设施的供应，例如通过在学校、餐馆和商店提供健康膳食和食品以及降低健康食品的价格。可以通过在学校和城市创建有吸引力的绿色空间和游乐场、改善人行道网络和支持性步行环境以及实施步行到学校项目来支持体育活动。在国家层面上，政策和立法可以支持社会和情境环境的变化，例如与学校餐饮或电视广告有关的变化。环境方法的实践是复杂的，因为来自不同部门的许多利益相关者必须参与其中。这可能解释了目前环境方法在肥胖预防中代表性不足的原因。
This article aims to provide a structured review of how to create settings and environments that prevent the development of childhood overweight and obesity. It also describes which institutions and levels are responsible for environmental (global) approaches in obesity prevention and which evidence exists in terms of process and outcomes of different preventive measures. Environmental approaches in disease prevention deal with social and technical-material conditions of daily living, as those conditions significantly influence health behavior. Strategies that focus on the obesogenic environment are considered increasingly important in the prevention of obesity in children and adolescents. They can be applied at different levels (e.g., schools, communities). These interventions should aim to improve the availability of healthy foods and physical activity facilities, e.g., by provision of healthy meals and foods in schools, restaurants, and stores and by price reductions of healthy foods. Physical activity can be supported by creating attractive green spaces and playgrounds in schools and cities, improving sidewalk networks and a supportive pedestrian environment, and implementing walk-to-school projects. On a national level, policies and legislation can support changes in the social and situational environments, e.g., relating to catering in schools or TV advertisement. The practice of environmental approaches is complex, because many stakeholders from different sectors have to be involved. This may account for the observation that environmental approaches are currently underrepresented in obesity prevention.