Geese as vectors of nitrogen and phosphorus to freshwater systems
Geese as vectors of nitrogen and phosphorus to freshwater systems
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DOI：
10.5268/iw-6.1.897
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Elmberg, Johan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dessborn, Lisa;Hessel, Rebecca;Elmberg, Johan
在过去的几十年里，许多鹅的数量急剧增加，这可能会影响作为栖息地的内陆沃茨。本文综述了鹅在氮磷流入淡水系统中的作用。几种方法已被用来估计鹅的鸟粪营养化的影响。水和沉积物分析已经在高和低鹅存在的地区进行;然而，多产湿地往往吸引更多的鸟类，因此因果关系是模糊的。粪便添加实验试图估计粪便对水化学，沉积物，藻类生长或无脊椎动物密度的影响。估计鹅粪营养化的最常见方法是外推法，通常基于粪便产量及其营养成分含量的乘积。基于这些研究和那些包括日常迁移模式的信息，我们开发了一种方法来提高鹅的营养贡献的估计。鹅在湿地富营养化中的相对作用也受到来自替代来源的流入的影响。最大的鸟粪营养化影响可能出现在替代营养源很少和鹅群众多的地区。淡水系统的有限流入和流出或湿地栖息地的稀缺也可能增加当地规模的问题。虽然有几项研究研究了鹅对水化学或土壤沉积物等的影响，但其影响往往小于预期，部分原因是迄今为止还没有研究评估生态系统的反应，包括对所有层面的影响，包括水营养水平，营养沉积，叶绿素含量和浮游动物的反应。
Many goose populations have increased dramatically over the past decades, which may influence inland waters used as roost sites. We reviewed the role of geese in the influx of nitrogen and phosphorus to freshwater systems. Several methods have been used to estimate guanotrophication impacts of geese. Water and sediment analysis have been conducted in areas of high and low geese presence; however, productive wetlands tend to attract more birds, and the causality is therefore ambiguous. Faecal addition experiments have attempted to estimate the impacts of droppings on water chemistry, sediments, algal growth, or invertebrate densities. The most common method of estimating goose guanotrophication is by extrapolation, usually based on multiplication of faecal production and its nutrient content. Based on such studies and those including information about daily migration patterns, we developed an approach to improve estimates of the nutrient contribution of geese. The relative role of geese in wetland eutrophication is also affected by the influx from alternative sources. The greatest guanotrophication impacts are likely found in areas with few alternative nutrient sources and with large goose flocks. Limited inflow and outflow of a freshwater system or a scarcity of wetland roosts may also increase problems at a local scale. Although several studies have looked at the impacts of geese on, for example, water chemistry or soil sediments, the effects are often smaller than expected, in part because no study to date has assessed the ecosystem response by including impacts on all levels, including water nutrient levels, nutrient sedimentation, chlorophyll content, and zooplankton response.