Retrotransposons in pluripotent stem cells.
Retrotransposons in pluripotent stem cells.
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多能干细胞中的反转录转座子
DOI：
10.1186/s13619-020-00046-4
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发表时间：
2020-06-02
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Shi, Guang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Wang, Jingwen;Huang, Junjiu;Shi, Guang
转座元件约占哺乳动物基因组的一半，可分为两类：I类（逆转录转座子）和II类（DNA转座子）。数百种动态且阶段特异性的反转录转座子已被注释。物种之间的拷贝数和基因组位置存在显着差异。逆转录转座子在生殖细胞、早期胚胎和多能干细胞 (PSC) 中活跃，与表观遗传调控中低水平的 DNA 甲基化相关。一些关键的多能性转录因子（如 OCT4、SOX2 和 NANOG）结合逆转录转座子并调节其在 PSC 中的活性，表明逆转录转座子在多能性维持和自我更新中发挥着重要作用。为了响应反转录转座子转座，细胞采用多种沉默机制，例如 DNA 甲基化和组蛋白修饰。本综述总结了 PSC 和早期胚胎发育中逆转录转座子的表达模式、功能和调控。
Transposable elements constitute about half of the mammalian genome, and can be divided into two classes: the class I (retrotransposons) and the class II (DNA transposons). A few hundred types of retrotransposons, which are dynamic and stage specific, have been annotated. The copy numbers and genomic locations are significantly varied in species. Retrotransposons are active in germ cells, early embryos and pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) correlated with low levels of DNA methylation in epigenetic regulation. Some key pluripotency transcriptional factors (such as OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG) bind retrotransposons and regulate their activities in PSCs, suggesting a vital role of retrotransposons in pluripotency maintenance and self-renewal. In response to retrotransposons transposition, cells employ a number of silencing mechanisms, such as DNA methylation and histone modification. This review summarizes expression patterns, functions, and regulation of retrotransposons in PSCs and early embryonic development.