On measuring selection in experimental evolution.

On measuring selection in experimental evolution.
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DOI:
10.1098/rsbl.2010.0580
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发表时间:
2011-04-23
期刊:
影响因子:
3.3
通讯作者:
Chevin LM
Chevin LM
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Chevin LM

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来自进化实验的突变适合度效应的分布在越来越多的物种中可用,为进化生物学中的大量应用开辟了道路。然而,由于适合度效应和选择系数的定义不一致,阻碍了研究之间估计分布的比较。特别是,使用马尔萨斯增长率比率作为“相对适合度”会导致对选择强度的错误推断。根据世代时间来衡量马尔萨斯适合度可能有助于克服这一缺点,并允许准确地比较不同物种的选择系数。对于通过二次分裂(忽略细胞死亡)繁殖的物种,ln2可以用作校正因子,但一般而言,在报告突变适应度效应的分布的研究中应提供野生型的生长速度和世代时间。本文还讨论了种群增长的密度依赖和频率依赖如何影响进化实验中的选择及其度量。
Distributions of mutation fitness effects from evolution experiments are available in an increasing number of species, opening the way for a vast array of applications in evolutionary biology. However, comparison of estimated distributions among studies is hampered by inconsistencies in the definitions of fitness effects and selection coefficients. In particular, the use of ratios of Malthusian growth rates as ‘relative fitnesses’ leads to wrong inference of the strength of selection. Scaling Malthusian fitness by the generation time may help overcome this shortcoming, and allow accurate comparison of selection coefficients across species. For species reproducing by binary fission (neglecting cellular death), ln2 can be used as a correction factor, but in general, the growth rate and generation time of the wild-type should be provided in studies reporting distribution of mutation fitness effects. I also discuss how density and frequency dependence of population growth affect selection and its measurement in evolution experiments.
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