Dualities in plant tolerance to pollutants and their uptake and translocation to the upper plant parts
Dualities in plant tolerance to pollutants and their uptake and translocation to the upper plant parts
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.envexpbot.2009.05.009
复制
发表时间：
2009-11
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
J. Verkleij;A. Golan‐Goldhirsh;Danuta Maria Antosiewisz;J. Schwitzguébel;P. Schröder
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Verkleij;A. Golan‐Goldhirsh;Danuta Maria Antosiewisz;J. Schwitzguébel;P. Schröder
植物对污染物的耐受性及其对污染物胁迫的反应具有双重性。一方面，一些对重金属（超）耐受的植物能够在芽中超积累这些金属，这可能有利于植物修复目的，以净化土壤和水。另一方面，耐受性粮食作物在其生长介质中暴露于重金属，可能是危险的，因为食物链中有毒金属的载体导致食物中毒。植物对重金属的耐受性还有一个双重性，那就是粮食作物具有耐受性和/或超积累性，一方面可以在受控条件下用于植物修复，另一方面可以用于必需金属的食品强化。同样，植物也暴露于大量的外源有机污染物中。因为它们通常无法避免这些化合物，所以植物会吸收、转移、代谢和解毒其中的许多化合物。植物物种对有机污染物的耐受（防御）机制存在很大差异。这包括还原剂的产生以及抗坏血酸和谷胱甘肽等清除剂分子的产生以及 P-450 防御系统的表达以及谷胱甘肽和葡萄糖基转移酶的超家族。同样，对于有机污染物，植物的解毒机制可能会很好地保护植物本身，但会产生对其他生物体具有潜在有害作用的化合物。在这篇综述中，我们以暴露于金属污染物（主要是镉）和有机污染物的农业和“野生”物种为例讨论了这些二元性。将考虑各种污染物吸收和转移的差异及其后果。我们将分别概述有机污染物和无机污染物对体内代谢和解毒机制的影响，并试图指出两类污染物之间的差异。最后将讨论植物对污染物的耐受性的这些二元性的后果和解决方案。
There is a duality in plant tolerance to pollutants and its response to the pollutants’ stress. On the one hand some plants, (hyper)tolerant to heavy metals, are able to hyperaccumulate these metals in shoots, which could be beneficial for phytoremediation purposes to clean-up soil and water. On the other hand tolerant food crops, exposed to heavy metals in their growth medium, may be dangerous as carriers of toxic metals in the food chain leading to food toxicity. There is an additional duality in plant tolerance to heavy metals and that is in food crops that are tolerant and/or hyperaccumulators, which could be used on one hand for phytoremediation, under controlled conditions and on the other hand for food fortification with essential metals. Similarly, plants are also exposed to a large number of xenobiotic organic pollutants. Because they generally cannot avoid these compounds, plants take up, translocate, metabolize and detoxify many of them. There is a large variability in tolerance (defence) mechanisms against organic pollutants among plant species. This includes production of reductants but also scavenger molecules like ascorbate and glutathione and expression of the P-450 defence system, and superfamilies of the enzymes glutathione- and glucosyl-transferases. Again, with view to organic pollutants, plant detoxification mechanisms might well protect the plant itself, but produce compounds with some deleterious potential for other organisms. In this review we discuss these dualities on the basis of examples of agricultural and ‘wild’ species exposed to metal contaminants (mainly Cd) and organic pollutants. Differences in uptake and translocation of various pollutants and their consequences will be considered. We will separately outline the effects of the organic and non-organic pollutants on the internal metabolism and the detoxification mechanisms and try to indicate the differences between both types of pollutants. Finally the consequences and solutions of these dualities in plant tolerance to pollutants will be discussed.