Hepatitis A virus: From discovery to vaccines
Hepatitis A virus: From discovery to vaccines
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DOI：
10.1002/hep.21052
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发表时间：
2006-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
13.5
通讯作者：
Lemon, SM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Martin, A;Lemon, SM
甲型肝炎病毒（HAV）是A型病毒性肝炎的病原体，是一种古老的人类病毒，大约35年前首次发现。它有几个特点，使其独特的小RNA病毒科，特别是在其机制的多蛋白加工和病毒粒子形态发生，这可能有助于其病理生物学。虽然在细胞培养中生产的含有福尔马林灭活病毒的有效疫苗已在多个国家获得许可，但其使用受到成本考虑的限制。公共卫生设施的变化和生活水平的普遍提高正在导致全世界急性甲型肝炎发病率的下降，其结果是许多区域成人中原有免疫力的流行率正在下降。甲型肝炎流行病学的这些变化可能矛盾地增加了疾病负担，因为更多的人在年龄较大时感染，而疾病更可能在临床上明显，从而为疫苗的使用提供了更大的激励。
Hepatitis A virus (HAV), the causative agent of type A viral hepatitis, is an ancient human virus that was first identified almost 35 years ago. It has several characteristics that make it unique among the Picornaviridae, particularly in terms of its mechanisms of polyprotein processing and virion morphogenesis, and which likely contribute to its pathobiology. Although efficacious vaccines containing formalin-inactivated virus produced in cell culture have been licensed in multiple countries, their use has been limited by cost considerations. Changes in public health sanitation and generally increasing standards of living are leading to a decreasing incidence of acute hepatitis A worldwide, with the result that the prevalence of preexisting immunity among adults is declining in many regions. These changes in the epidemiology of HAV may paradoxically enhance the disease burden, as greater numbers of individuals become infected at older ages when disease is more likely to be clinically evident, thus providing greater incentives for vaccine utilization.