In situ sustained Eulerian observatories
In situ sustained Eulerian observatories
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现场维持欧拉天文台
DOI：
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发表时间：
2010
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Weller
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Lampitt;P. Favali;C. Barnes;M. Church;M. Cronin;K. Hill;Y. Kaneda;D. Karl;A. Knap;M. Mcphaden;K. Nittis;I. Priede;J. Rollin;U. Send;C. Teng;T. Trull;D. Wallace;R. Weller
为了更好地了解地球系统的过程和特性之间的相互作用以及这些过程和特性如何随时间而变化，必须持续不断地提供关于海洋环境的高质量数据。这必须从其表面延伸到海底，并使用一系列相互关联的平台类型，每种平台都有特定的优势。包括在这个矩阵是全球阵列的定点或欧拉天文台有几个独特的能力。这些能力包括收集样本（水、生物群和颗粒），支持对空间或电力有很高要求的传感器，在卫星、滑翔机和浮标无法到达的地点进行观测，以及对海底进行观测和取样。在过去十年中，这些观测站的可操作性取得了相当大的进展，有些观测站，如全球热带系泊浮标阵列，进行了很好的综合物理和气象观测。在传感器开发、平台设计以及数据管理所需的原则和协议方面取得了相当大的进展。然而，现在有一个重要的要求，即在全球欧拉阵列内以及在欧拉观测站和矩阵中的其他观测系统之间将地球化学观测联系起来。大规模的计算模型密切耦合到各种观测方法需要这项工作的大部分，这一挑战正在解决的一些团体。为了实现这一目标，许多供资组织必须改变观念，以便维持财政资源。这是必不可少的，以防止在每一轮供资结束时数据流中断和工作人员技能基础丧失。在美国（OOI（观测站倡议））和加拿大（NEPTUNE（东北太平洋时间序列海底网络实验））有这种方法变化的例子，但在世界其他地方，短期供资通常是正常的机制，预计将解决具有重大社会意义的长期环境问题。
In order to gain a better understanding of the interactions of processes and properties of the earth system and how these are changing with time, it is essential that there is a sustained stream of high quality data on the marine environment. This must extend from its surface to the underlying seabed and use a matrix of interlinked platform types, each with specific advantages. Included in this matrix is the global array of fixed point or Eulerian observatories which have several unique capabilities. These include the ability to collect samples (water, biota and particles), to support sensors which have a high demand for space or power, to make observations in locations beyond the reach of satellites, gliders and floats and to observe and sample the seafloor. Considerable progress has been made in the operability of these observatories over the past decade and some, such as the Global Tropical Moored Buoy Array, make physical and meteorological observations that are well integrated. There has been considerable progress in sensor development, platform design, and in the principles and protocols required for data management. There is however a significant requirement now to interlink observations on biogeochemistry within the global Eulerian array and between Eulerian observatories and the other observing systems in the matrix. Large scale computational models closely coupled to the various observational approaches are required for much of this work and this challenge is being addressed by a number of groups. For this to be achieved there must be a change in mind-set of many of the funding organisations so that the financial resources are sustained. This is essential in order to prevent breakage of data streams and loss of the skill base of staff at the end of every funding round. There are examples of this change in approach in the USA (OOI (Observatories Initiative)) and in Canada (NEPTUNE (North East Pacific Time-series Undersea Networked Experiments)) but elsewhere in the world, short term funding is usually the normal mechanism which is expected to address long term environmental questions of major societal relevance.