Before the ‘Big Chill’: Patterns of plant-insect associations from the Neogene of Iceland
Before the ‘Big Chill’: Patterns of plant-insect associations from the Neogene of Iceland
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DOI：
10.1016/j.gloplacha.2016.05.003
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发表时间：
2016-07
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
T. Wappler;F. Grímsson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Wappler;F. Grímsson
冰岛是北大西洋亚北极唯一已知的陆地地区，在过去 1500 万年里提供了相当连续的沉积和植物化石记录。虽然这种模式的基本古植物学框架在过去十年中已经得到很好的建立，但人们对化石叶子/传单上丰富的昆虫痕迹的关注较少。在这里，我们评估了 18 个地点暴露的 6 个植物沉积地层的 4349 个被子植物叶子/小叶化石上昆虫食草的多样性和频率。通过结合对环境因素、物种相互作用、生态学、生物地理学和地质历史的分析，我们的研究结果表明，食草动物的模式如何随着时间的推移而与温度波动相关，从而深刻影响昆虫介导的损害多样性和频率的水平。此外，较高的结构复杂性，特别是物种丰富的草本层群落的建立，似乎对冰岛中新世早期古森林中昆虫群落的结构产生了积极影响。
Iceland is the only known terrestrial place in the subarctic North Atlantic providing a fairly continuous sedimentary and plant fossil record over the past 15 million years. While the basic palaeobotanical framework of this pattern has been well established during the last decade, less attention has been paid to the abundant insect traces on fossil leaves/leaflets. Here, we assess the diversity and frequency of insect herbivory on 4349 fossil angiosperm leaves/leaflets from six plant-bearing sedimentary formations exposed at 18 localities. By combining analyses of environmental factors, species interactions, ecology, biogeography, and the geological history, our results demonstrate how patterns of herbivory have changed over time in relation to temperature fluctuations that profoundly influenced levels of insect-mediated damage diversity and frequency. In addition, higher structural complexity, particularly the establishment of species-rich herb layer communities seems to have positively influenced the structure of insect communities in early late Miocene palaeoforests of Iceland.