The collective action problem in primate territory economics
The collective action problem in primate territory economics
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2013.0081
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发表时间：
2013-05-22
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
van Schaik, Carel P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Willems, Erik P.;Hellriegel, Barbara;van Schaik, Carel P.
群居动物通常不保持领地，而是有高度重叠的活动范围，即使原则上这些活动范围在经济上是合理的。我们调查是否没有范围防御反映了一个集体行动的问题，因为一个领土可以被认为是一个公共产品。在包括135个灵长类物种的比较分析中，我们发现范围重叠和组的大小之间的正相关，控制经济的可重复性和系统发育的非独立性。随后，我们证明，群体与多个成年人的两种性别遭受的范围重叠水平的两倍高的群体只有一个成年人代表的任何一种性别，一致的集体行动问题的存在。最后，我们揭示，这种集体行动的问题，可以克服通过philopatry的较大的性别。这些结果表明，一个社会并发症的群体生活是一个更强的决定因素之间的关系，社会动物比生态因素，但也集体防御仍然实现了占主导地位的性别是philopatric和有效的防御是至关重要的生殖成功和生存。此外，我们的研究结果支持了这样一种观点，即被定义为集体领土冲突升级的类人战争具有进化基础，反映了非人类灵长类动物之间的趋同进化。
Group-living animals often do not maintain territories, but instead have highly overlapping ranges, even though in principle these are economically defendable. We investigate whether this absence of range defence reflects a collective action problem, since a territory can be considered a public good. In a comparative analysis comprising 135 primate species, we find a positive association between range overlap and group size, controlling for economic defendability and phylogenetic non-independence. We subsequently demonstrate that groups with multiple adults of both sexes suffer levels of range overlap twice as high as groups with only a single adult representative of either sex, consistent with the presence of a collective action problem. Finally, we reveal that this collective action problem can be overcome through philopatry of the larger sex. These results suggest that a social complication of group living is a stronger determinant of between-group relations among social animals than ecological factors, but also that collective defence is still achieved where the dominant sex is philopatric and effective defence is critical to reproductive success and survival. In addition, our findings support the idea that human-like warfare, defined as escalated collective territorial conflict, has an evolutionary basis reflected by cases of convergent evolution among non-human primates.