Determination of highly carcinogenic dibenzopyrene isomers in particulate emissions from two diesel- and two gasoline-fuelled light-duty vehicles
Determination of highly carcinogenic dibenzopyrene isomers in particulate emissions from two diesel- and two gasoline-fuelled light-duty vehicles
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DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.04.055
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发表时间：
2009-08-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Westerholm, Roger
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bergvall, Christoffer;Westerholm, Roger
本文测定了在市区（Au）行驶的两辆柴油（DFV）和两辆汽油轻型车（GFV）尾气中苯并（a）芘和高致癌性二苯并（a，l）芘、二苯并（a，e）芘、二苯并（a，l）芘和二苯并（a，h）芘等多环芳烃（PAHs）的排放因子。农村道路（AR）和高速公路（AM）的瞬态ARTEMIS驾驶循环。结果表明，在Au行驶循环中，低平均速度时，DFV每公里行驶距离排放的多环芳烃量高于GFV，而在AR和AM行驶循环中，高平均速度时，GFV每公里行驶距离排放的多环芳烃量高于DFV。此外，研究表明，随着GFV平均速度的增加，每公里行驶距离的PAH排放量增加，而DFV的趋势相反。GFV产生的颗粒物具有更高的PAH含量比DFV在所有三个驾驶循环测试与AR驾驶循环中获得的最高浓度。二苯并（a，l）芘是潜在致癌性的主要贡献者，分别占DFV和GFV排放颗粒物中测量的多环芳烃的潜在致癌性总和的58-67%和25-31%。苯并（a）芘的相应值分别为DFV和GFV的16-25%和11-40%。在Au驾驶循环中，DFV显示出比GFV更高的测量的多环芳烃的潜在致癌性总和，而在AR和AM驾驶循环中发现了相反的趋势。这项研究的结果表明，包括二苯并芘在车辆尾气的化学表征，以避免潜在的低估的致癌活性的排放物的重要性。与Au驾驶循环中的DFV相比，本研究中发现的GFV的排放量较低，且测量的PAH的潜在致癌性总和较低，表明GFV在交通以低平均速度移动且多次启动和停止的密集城市地区是首选。然而，所获得的结果表明，在农村道路和高速公路上行驶时，平均速度较高时，情况正好相反。然而，需要进一步研究，以确定所观察到的GFV和DFV之间的差异是否普遍有效，以及研究车辆/发动机类型、环境温度、燃料和驾驶条件对排放因子的影响。(C)2009爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
Emission factors of particulate-bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) including benzo(a)pyrene and, for the first time, the highly carcinogenic dibenzo(a,l)pyrene, dibenzo(a,e)pyrene, dibenzo(a,l)pyrene and dibenzo(a,h)pyrene have been determined in exhausts from two diesel- (DFVs) and two gasoline-fuelled light-duty vehicles (GFVs) operated in the Urban (AU), Rural Road (AR) and Motorway (AM) transient ARTEMIS driving cycles. The obtained results showed the DFVs to emit higher amounts of PAHs than the GFVs per km driving distance at low average speed in the AU driving cycle, while the GFVs emitted higher amounts of PAHs than the DFVs per km driving distance at higher average speeds in the AR and AM driving cycles. Furthermore, the study showed an increase in PAH emissions per km driving distance with increasing average speed for the GFVs with the opposite trend found for the DFVs. The GFVs generated particulate matter with higher PAH content than the DFVs in all three driving cycles tested with the highest concentrations obtained in the AR driving cycle. Dibenzo(a,l)pyrene was found to be a major contributor to the potential carcinogenicity accounting for 58-67% and 25-31% of the sum added potential carcinogenicity of the measured PAHs in the emitted particulate matter from the DFVs and GFVs, respectively. Corresponding values for benzo(a)pyrene were 16-25% and 11-40% for the DFVs and GFVs, respectively. The DFVs displayed higher sum added potential carcinogenicity of the measured PAHs than the GFVs in the AU driving cycle with the opposite trend found in the AR and AM driving cycles. The findings of this study show the importance of including the dibenzopyrenes in vehicle exhaust chemical characterizations to avoid potential underestimation of the carcinogenic activity of the emissions. The lower emissions and the lower sum added potential carcinogenicity of the measured PAHs found in this study for the GFVs compared to the DFVs in the AU driving cycle indicate the GFVs to be preferred in dense urban areas with traffic moving at low average speeds with multiple start and stops. However, the obtained results suggest the opposite to be true at higher average speeds with driving at rural roads and motorways. Further studies are, however, needed to establish if the observed differences between GFVs and DFVs are generally valid as well as to study the effects on variations in vehicle/engine type, ambient temperature, fuel and driving conditions on the emission factors. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.