Among-population variation in resistance traits of a nettle and its relationship with deer habitat use frequency
Among-population variation in resistance traits of a nettle and its relationship with deer habitat use frequency
复制标题
荨麻抗性特征的种群间变异及其与鹿栖息地使用频率的关系
DOI：
10.1007/s11284-012-1007-8
复制
发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Shibata E and Sato H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shikata M;Kato T;Shibata E and Sato H
由于叶毛作为对草食动物的阻力，毛生产的种群变化可能会出现适应当地的草食动物社区。日本荨麻（Urtica thunbergiana）的刺毛丰度可能与西卡（Cervus nippon）的栖息地利用频率有关。我们调查了奈良公园（6.6平方公里）内外19个种群的31-32只个体的叶面积、刺毛数量（/叶）和刺毛密度（每平方厘米），在那里许多鹿已经被保护了1,200年。在每个站点，我们还测量了鹿栖息地的使用频率，光照强度和土壤肥力的环境因素可能影响叶性状。我们分析了我们的分层数据，在个人和人口的水平，使用多层次结构方程模型。叶面积在个体水平上对刺毛数有正的直接影响，但在种群水平上没有显著影响。在种群水平上，鹿栖息地利用频率对叶面积有负的直接影响，对刺毛数和密度有正的直接影响，叶面积和刺毛数之间存在负的间接相关。光照强度对叶面积有负的直接影响，而土壤肥力对任何性状的影响都不显著。这些结果表明，叶面积和刺毛数量之间的关系在这两个水平不对齐。讨论了环境因子对叶片性状的影响过程。
Because leaf hairs serve as resistance against herbivores, among-population variation in hair production may arise from adaptation to local herbivore communities. It is possible that Japanese nettle (Urtica thunbergiana) shows among-population variation in stinging hair abundance that is associated with the frequency of habitat use by sika deer (Cervus nippon). We examined 31–32 individuals of each of 19 populations for leaf area, stinging hair number (/leaf) and stinging hair density (per square centimeter) in and away from Nara Park (6.6 km2), where many deer have been protected for 1,200 years. At each site we also measured deer habitat use frequency, light intensity and soil fertility as environmental factors potentially affecting leaf traits. We analyzed our hierarchical data at the levels of individuals and populations using multilevel structural equation modeling. Leaf area had a positive direct effect on stinging hair number at the individual level but no significant effect at the population level. At the population level, deer habitat use frequency had a negative direct effect on leaf area and positive direct effects on stinging hair number and density, generating a negative indirect correlation between leaf area and stinging hair number. Light intensity had a negative direct effect on leaf area, while soil fertility had no significant effect on any trait. These results suggest that the relationships between leaf area and stinging hair number at the two levels do not align. We discussed what processes were involved in the effects of environmental factors on leaf traits.