Form, function and physics: the ecology of biogenic stabilisation
Form, function and physics: the ecology of biogenic stabilisation
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DOI：
10.1007/s11368-018-2005-4
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发表时间：
2018-05
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
D. Paterson;J. Hope;Joseph M. Kenworthy;C. L. Biles;S. Gerbersdorf
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Paterson;J. Hope;Joseph M. Kenworthy;C. L. Biles;S. Gerbersdorf
目的这项工作的目的是更好地理解生物中介在细微沉积物行为中所起的作用。这项研究得到了生态学理论的发展的支持，这些理论承认有机体是“生态系统工程师”，并与“生态位构建”相关的讨论，表明通过生物行动改变栖息地的进化作用。此外，工程学领域已经认识到，细颗粒泥沙输运预测中缺少一些东西。材料和方法技术的进步继续提高我们检查在自然环境中具有大范围影响的小规模2D过程的能力。先进的分子工具可以与最先进的现场和实验室技术相结合，从而能够区分微生物生物多样性并检查其对生态系统功能的代谢贡献。结果和讨论最近的实验室和现场工作导致了范式的转变，水力学研究必须拥抱生物学和生物地球化学，以揭开关于细颗粒沉积物动力学的高度复杂的问题。文中举例说明了传统的和最新的方法，包括在实验室和现场的完全析因设计中使用多个应激源，以突出生物和沉积物动力学在时间和空间上相互作用的复杂性。下一阶段可能依赖于分子分析、元基因组学和代谢组学的进展，以评估微生物群落在沉积物行为中的功能作用，包括细菌产生聚合物的性质和速率，以及它们对沉积物行为的影响机制。结论为了充分了解水生生境如何适应环境变化，并支持各种生态系统服务的提供，我们需要一个整体的方法。我们必须考虑控制泥沙分布和侵蚀-运输-沉积-固结循环的所有方面，包括生物和化学过程，而不仅仅是物理过程。特别是，微生物组合的作用现在被认为是一个值得跨学科更多关注的重要因素。
PurposeThe objective of this work is to better understand the role that biological mediation plays in the behaviour of fine sediments. This research is supported by developments in ecological theory recognising organisms as “ecosystem engineers” and associated discussion of “niche construction”, suggesting an evolutionary role for habitat modification by biological action. In addition, there is acknowledgement from engineering disciplines that something is missing from fine sediment transport predictions.Materials and methodsAdvances in technology continue to improve our ability to examine the small-scale 2D processes with large-scale effects in natural environments. Advanced molecular tools can be combined with state-of-the-art field and laboratory techniques to allow the discrimination of microbial biodiversity and the examination of their metabolic contribution to ecosystem function. This in turn can be related to highly resolved measurements and visualisation of flow dynamics.Results and discussionRecent laboratory and field work have led to a paradigm shift whereby hydraulic research has to embrace biology and biogeochemistry to unravel the highly complex issues around on fine sediment dynamics. Examples are provided illustrating traditional and more recent approaches including using multiple stressors in fully factorial designs in both the laboratory and the field to highlight the complexity of the interaction between biology and sediment dynamics in time and space. The next phase is likely to rely on advances in molecular analysis, metagenomics and metabolomics, to assess the functional role of microbial assemblages in sediment behaviour, including the nature and rate of polymer production by bacteria, the mechanism of their influence on sediment behaviour.ConclusionsTo fully understand how aquatic habitats will adjust to environmental change and to support the provision of various ecosystem services, we require a holistic approach. We must consider all aspects that control the distribution of sediment and the erosion-transport-deposition-consolidation cycle including biological and chemical processes, not just the physical. In particular, the role of microbial assemblages is now recognised as a significant factor deserving greater attention across disciplines.