Patterns of vertebrate neurogenesis and the paths of vertebrate evolution
Patterns of vertebrate neurogenesis and the paths of vertebrate evolution
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DOI：
10.1159/000006566
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发表时间：
1998-10-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Darlington, RB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Finlay, BL;Hersman, MN;Darlington, RB
大脑大小的任何实质性变化都需要改变大脑中神经元及其支持元件的数量，这反过来又需要改变神经发生的速率或持续时间。神经发生的时间表在哺乳动物大脑中惊人地稳定，神经发生持续时间的增加具有可预测的结果：晚期生成的结构变得不成比例地大，嗅球和相关的边缘系统结构可能在某些物种中偏离这种一般的大脑扩大：在恒河猴中，边缘系统大小的减小似乎是由边缘系统结构中终末神经发生的开始的进展产生的。不仅神经发生，而且神经成熟的许多其他特征，如过程延伸和收缩，遵循相同的时间表，具有相同的可预测性。尽管我们研究过的所有哺乳动物的事件发生的基本顺序都是相同的，但神经成熟的总体速率的变化可以区分相关的亚类，如有袋类和胎盘类哺乳动物，神经发育持续时间的变化可以区分亚类中的物种。神经发生中事件序列的规律性的实质部分可以直接与最近提出的前脑的前体分割中的神经轴的两个维度相关[Rubenstein等人，Science，266：578，1994]。在哺乳动物脑的进化过程中，发育的空间和时间组织都是高度保守的，这对可能的脑适应类型有很强的限制。整合行为的神经机制可能会局限于那些在神经元数量上具有足够可塑性的位置。
Any substantial change in brain size requires a change in the number of neurons and their supporting elements in the brain, which in turn requires an alteration in either the rate, or the duration of neurogenesis. The schedule of neurogenesis is surprisingly stable in mammalian brains, and increases in the duration of neurogenesis have predictable outcomes: late-generated structures become disproportionately large, The olfactory bulb and associated limbic structures may deviate in some species from this general brain enlargement: in the rhesus monkey, reduction of limbic system size appears to be produced by an advance in the onset of terminal neurogenesis in limbic system structures. Not only neurogenesis but also many other features of neural maturation such as process extension and retraction, follow the same schedule with the same predictability. Although the underlying order of event onset remains the same for all of the mammals we have yet studied, changes in overall rate of neural maturation distinguish related subclasses, such as marsupial and placental mammals, and changes in duration of neurodevelopment distinguish species within subclasses. A substantial part of the regularity of event sequence in neurogenesis can be related directly to the two dimensions of the neuraxis ill a recently proposed prosomeric segmentation of the forebrain [Rubenstein ct al., Science, 266: 578, 1994]. Both the spatial and temporal organization of development have been highly conserved in mammalian brain evolution, showing strong constraint on the types of brain adaptations possible. The neural mechanisms for integrative behaviors may become localized to those locations that have enough plasticity in neuron number to support them.