A Risk-Based Approach to Improving Disaster Relief Asset Pre-Positioning
A Risk-Based Approach to Improving Disaster Relief Asset Pre-Positioning
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DOI：
10.1111/poms.12934
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发表时间：
2019-02-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Zobel, Christopher W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Arnette, Andrew N.;Zobel, Christopher W.
众所周知，在自然灾害发生之前预先部署资产，对于在灾害发生后及时提供救济十分重要。除了为即将发生的灾难事件做准备外，人道主义救援组织还会长期维持此类资产分配，以支持未来对野火或冬季风暴等经常性事件的响应。这项研究的动机来自于作者在科罗拉多州和怀俄明州的一个这样的救援组织——美国红十字会的工作，它讨论了一个新的混合整数线性规划模型，可以帮助更有效地预先部署所需的资产，以开放紧急避难所。新模型将风险度量纳入其目标函数，这有助于解决产生公平解决方案的需要，并且该模型明确考虑在灾难事件发生后将资产重新分配到附近的位置。首先在红十字会实际资产配置问题的背景下分析模型的性能，结果表明剩余风险比历史配置降低了33%以上。然后在基础模型的几个不同扩展的上下文中说明了该方法的一般适用性，并提出和讨论了一系列重要的结论。
It is well-recognized that pre-positioning assets in advance of a natural disaster is important for supporting timely relief provision after a disaster occurs. In addition to preparing for imminent disaster events, humanitarian relief organizations also maintain such asset allocations over time to support future responses to recurrent events such as wildfires or winter storms. This study is motivated by the authors' work with one such relief organization, the American Red Cross in Colorado and Wyoming, and it discusses a new mixed integer linear programming model that can help to more effectively pre-position needed assets to open emergency shelters. The new model incorporates a measure of risk into its objective function, which helps address the need for generating equitable solutions, and the model explicitly considers reallocation of assets to nearby locations after a disaster event occurs. Model performance is first analyzed in the context of the Red Cross' actual asset allocation problem and the results show a decrease in residual risk from that of historical allocations of more than 33%. The general applicability of the approach is then illustrated in the context of several different extensions to the base model and a series of important takeaways are presented and discussed.