Comparison of the toxicity of silver, gold and platinum nanoparticles in developing zebrafish embryos
Comparison of the toxicity of silver, gold and platinum nanoparticles in developing zebrafish embryos
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DOI：
10.3109/17435390.2010.489207
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发表时间：
2011-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Valiyaveettil, Suresh
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Asharani, P. V.;Yi Lianwu;Valiyaveettil, Suresh
纳米粒子在电子产品、医疗器械、治疗剂和化妆品中有着广泛的应用。虽然纳米颗粒的商业化正在迅速扩大，但人们并不清楚它们对健康和环境的影响。利用斑马鱼胚胎进行了银、金和铂纳米颗粒的毒性试验，以研究它们的发育效应。以聚乙烯醇(PVA)为封端剂，制备了金(Au-NP，15-35 nm)、银(Ag-NP，5-35 nm)和铂纳米颗粒(Pt-NP，3-10 nm)。毒性通过死亡率、孵化延迟、表型缺陷和金属积累来记录。加入Ag-NP后，死亡率呈浓度依赖性增加。Ag-NP和Pt-NP均导致孵化延迟，心率、触觉反应和轴曲率均呈浓度依赖性下降。Ag-NP还引起其他显著的表型改变，包括心包积液、心脏形态异常、循环缺陷和眼睛缺失或畸形。相比之下，Au-NP没有表现出任何毒性迹象。电感耦合等离子体光学发射光谱(ICP-OES)证实了纳米颗粒在胚胎中的摄取和积累，该光谱显示在72HPF内可检测到胚胎中的水平。Ag-NP和Au-NP被胚胎摄取的量相对相等，而暴露于铂-NP的胚胎中铂浓度较低。这可能是因为与Ag-NP和Au-NP相比，铂纳米颗粒的尺寸较小，从而导致较少的金属原子保留在胚胎中。在所研究的纳米颗粒中，银纳米颗粒毒性最大，金纳米颗粒无毒。斑马鱼胚胎因接触纳米颗粒而表现出的毒性效应，伴随着体内金属的积累，迫切需要在这一领域进行进一步的研究。
Nanoparticles have diverse applications in electronics, medical devices, therapeutic agents and cosmetics. While the commercialization of nanoparticles is rapidly expanding, their health and environmental impact is not well understood. Toxicity assays of silver, gold, and platinum nanoparticles, using zebrafish embryos to study their developmental effects were carried out. Gold (Au-NP, 15-35 nm), silver (Ag-NP, 5-35 nm) and platinum nanoparticles (Pt-NP, 3-10 nm) were synthesized using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a capping agent. Toxicity was recorded in terms of mortality, hatching delay, phenotypic defects and metal accumulation. The addition of Ag-NP resulted in a concentration-dependant increase in mortality rate. Both Ag-NP and Pt-NP induced hatching delays, as well as a concentration dependant drop in heart rate, touch response and axis curvatures. Ag-NP also induced other significant phenotypic changes including pericardial effusion, abnormal cardiac morphology, circulatory defects and absence or malformation of the eyes. In contrast, Au-NP did not show any indication of toxicity. Uptake and accumulation of nanoparticles in embryos was confirmed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), which revealed detectable levels in embryos within 72 hpf. Ag-NP and Au-NP were taken up by the embryos in relatively equal amounts whereas lower Pt concentrations were observed in embryos exposed to Pt-NP. This was probably due to the small size of the Pt nanoparticles compared to Ag-NP and Au-NP, thus resulting in fewer metal atoms being retained in the embryos. Among the nanoparticles studied, Ag-NPs were found to be the most toxic and Au-NPs the non-toxic. The toxic effects exhibited by the zebrafish embryos as a consequence of nanoparticle exposure, accompanied by the accumulation of metals inside the body calls for urgent further investigations in this field.